1 62 CYPERACEAE 



Annual; roots fibrous; leaves flat. 

 Culms 2-10 cm. tall. 

 Style 3-cleft; achene 3-angled. 



Umbel mostly simple; spikelets ovoid to oval; achene reticu- 

 lated. 

 Umbel mostly compound; spikelets linear; achene smooth or 

 nearly so. 



i. F. castanea (Michx.) Vahl. (F. spadicea castanea A. Gray). 

 In marshes and shallow water: N. Y. to Fla., along the coast. 

 N. Y. Salt meadows, L. I. and S. I., rare. 



N. J. Common along the coasts and occasional in pine-barren 

 swamps. 



2. F. puberula (Michx.) Vahl. Fields and meadows: N. Y. to 



Fla., La. Also from Ont., Mich, and 111. to Kan. and Tex. 



N. Y. Rare on the Hempstead Plains on L. I. 



N. J. Common along the coast and locally in the pine-barrens, 



unknown elsewhere. 



A typically coastal plains species, with us. 



3. F. Baldwiniana Torr. (F. laxa of Britton's Manual). In moist 



soil: southern Pa. to Fla., west to 111., Mo. and Tex. 



Known in our area only from Philadelphia, Delaware and Chester 

 counties, Pa. 



4. F. Vahlii (Lam.) Link. In moist soil: Mo. to Tex., east to 



N. Car. and Fla., Cal., Ont. and S. Am. In waste grounds 

 about eastern seaports. 



N. J. Reported by Dr. Torrey, years ago, not recently verified. 

 Pa. Chester and Philadelphia counties. 

 Almost certainly adventive with us. 



5. F. geminata (Nees.) Kunth. (F. Frankii Steud.). In moist 



soil: Me. to Ont., Tenn. and La. 



Known only from Connecticut, there recorded from throughout 

 the state. To be looked for elsewhere in the northern part of our 

 range. 



6. F. autumnalis (L.) R. & S. In moist soil: Conn, to Fla. and 



Tex. Also in tropical Am. 

 Throughout the range. 



