I 66 CYPERACEAE 



west and north of the pine-barrens and along the coast, thence 

 increasing northward; not in the pine-barrens or at Cape May. 



Pa. Throughout, increasing northward. 



Tertiary, unknown on Beacon Hill, rare elsewhere: Cretaceous, 



rare: Older Formations, increasing northward. 117-220 days. 



Sea level-3,980 ft. 



5. S. americanus Pers. In fresh water and brackish marshes: 



North America, north to Newf. Also in S. Am. and Eu. 



Throughout the range, more common near the coast than else- 

 where. 



6. S. Olneyi A. Gray (S. Olneyi contortus Eames). In salt 



marshes: N. H. to Fla., Tex., Mex. and Cal. and along the 

 Pacific Coast to Oregon. xA.lso in Mich., Ark. and the W. I. 

 Throughout the coastal marshes, but not reported up the Dela- 

 ware in Pa. 



7. S. Torreyi Olney. In swamps: Me. to R. I. and Pa., west to 



Minn, and Man. 



Conn. In the Connecticut River at Lyme. 

 N. Y. Lynbrook, L. I. 

 N. J. Delanco, Burlington Co. 

 Pa. Carbon and Pike counties. 

 A rare and very local species. 



8. S. mucronatus L. Known in N. Am. only from a swamp in 



Delaware Co., Pa. and as reported also from Chester Co. 

 Widely distributed in the Old World. 



9. S. validus Vahl. In ponds and swamps: throughout N. Am. 



and in the W. I. 

 Throughout the range except in the pine-barrens. 



10. S. occidentalis (S. Wats.) Chase. Borders of streams and 

 lakes: Newf. to B. C, N. Y., Mo., Utah and Calif. 



Known in our area only from Goshen, Conn. 



11. S. paludosus A. Nelson (S. campestris Britton, not Roth). 



Salt marshes: Que. to N. J. about salt springs inland and on 

 wet prairies and plains: Man. and Minn, to Ore., Neb., 

 Kan., Nev. and Mex. 



Nearly throughout the coastal marshes, but not definitely 

 known on S. I. A possible hybrid between this and 5. americanus 

 has been collected at Long Beach, L. I. 



