236 CONVALLARIACEAE 



i. Asparagus L. 



1. A. officinalis L. Escaped from cultivation and naturalized, 



especially along salt marshes: N. B. to Va.; and locally 

 naturalized in waste places in the interior. Native of 

 Europe. 



Locally abundant as a naturalized escape.. 



2. Clintonia Raf. 



Flowers greenish yellow, drooping, 1.6-2 cm. long; berry blue. 1. C. borealis. 



Flowers white, not drooping, 0.8-1 cm. long; berry black. 2. C. umbellulata. 



i. C. borealis (Ait.) Raf. In moist woods and thickets: Lab. to 

 Man. and Minn., south to N. Car. and Wise. 

 Conn. Rare and local in northern New London and Middlesex 



counties, and in Windham Co., increasing northwestward and 



common at higher elevations in Litchfield Co. 

 N. Y. In the higher hills of the Hudson Highlands, increasing and 



common northward, particularly in the Catskills. 

 N. J. Morris, Passaic, Warren and Sussex counties, increasing 



northward. 

 Pa. Luzerne, Lackawanna, Pike, Monroe and Schuykill counties. 



Tertiary, o: Cretaceous, o: Older Formations, common at high 

 elevations. Not south of the moraine, except in Pa. 117-160 

 days. 450-4,000 ft. 



2. C. umbellulata (Michx.) Torr. In woods: N. Y. and N. J. to 



Ga. and Tenn. 



An unquestionably authentic specimen in the Columbia Univer- 

 sity Herbarium from Short Hills, Essex Co., N. J., is the only re- 

 corded occurrence of this species in the range. 



3. Vagnera Adans. (Smilacina Desf.) 



Flowers numerous, panicled. 1. V. racemosa. 

 Flowers few— several, racemose. 



Plant 2.5-4.5 dm. high; leaves numerous. 2. V. stellala. 



Plant 0.5-4 dm. high; leaves 2-4. 3. V. trifolia. 



1. V. racemosa (L.) Morong. In woods and thickets: N. S. to 



Brit. Col., Ga., Mo. and Ariz. 

 Common throughout the range except the pine-barrens. 



2. V. stellata (L.) Morong. In moist soil: Newf. to B. C, 



Va., Ky., Kan. and Cal. Also in N. Europe. 



