EUPHORBIACEAE 423 



Conn. Throughout the state, nowhere common. 



N. Y. Common on L. I. and S. I., unknown elsewhere. 



N. J. Rare in Bergen, Morris, and Sussex counties; Monmouth 

 and Middlesex counties, thence increasing and common south- 

 ward, except in the pine-barrens, there rather rare. 



Pa. Philadelphia. 



Tertiary less common on Beacon Hill than elsewhere; Cretaceous, 



common: Older Formations, scattered. 142-220 days. Sea level 



1,000 ft. 



12. P. paucifolia Willd. In moist rich woods: N. B. to Anticosti 

 and Sask., south to Ga. and 111. 

 Conn. Rare in New London Co., increasing and becoming common 



northwestward. 

 N. Y. Very rare north of the moraine on L. I., unknown on S. I. 

 rare and local in northern Westchester Co., increasing northward. 

 N. J. Reported from, but very doubtfully in Monmouth Co.; not 

 very common in Hunterdon, Essex and Hudson counties, increas- 

 ing northward ; unknown elsewhere. 

 Pa. Throughout the state, always increasing northward. 



Tertiary, o: Cretaceous, o: Older Formations, increasing north- 

 ward. 117-220 days. Sea level-4,020 ft. 



EUPHORBIACEAE 



Flowers not in an involucre, with a true calyx. 



Ovules 1 in each cavity of the ovary. 1. Phyllanthus. 



Ovules 2 in each cavity of the ovary. 



Plants clothed with stellate pubescence or scales. 2. Crotonopsis. 



Plants variously pubescent, with simple hairs. 3. Acalypha. 



Plants glabrous or nearly so. 4. Ricinus. 



Flowers in an involucre, the calyx represented by a minute scale 

 at the base of the filament-like pedicel. 

 Glands of the involucre with petal-like appendages. 



Leaves all opposite. 5- Chamaesyce. 



Leaves, at least the lower, alternate. 



Annual or biennial; bracts petal-like. 6. Dichrophyllum. 



Perennial; bracts not petal-like. 7- Tithymalopsis. 



Glands of the involucre without petal-like appendages. 8. Tithymalus. 



i. Phyllanthus L. 



1. P. carolinensis Walt. In sandy or gravelly soil: E. Pa. to 

 111., Kan., Fla., Tex. and Cent. Am. 

 Known only from Chester Co., Pa. 



