RHAMNACEAE 437 



2. I. pallida Nutt. (7. aurea of S. Wats., not of Muhl.). 



In moist shaded places: Que. to Ore., Ga. and Kan. 



Conn. Rare and local over most of the state, increasing north- 

 westward. 



N. Y. Very rare on the north shore of L. I., unknown south of the 

 moraine and on S. I.; rare and local in Westchester Co., thence 

 increasing northward. 



N. J. Very rare and local in Burlington Co., thence unknown to 

 Hudson and Hunterdon counties, except up the drainage of the 

 Delaware, thence increasing but not common northward. 



Pa. Monroe, Northampton, Bucks, Delaware and Chester coun- 

 ties. 

 Tertiary, o: Cretaceous, very rare near the glacial terraces along 



the lower Delaware. Older Formations, increasing northward. 



117-220 days. Sea level-4,020 ft. 



RHAMNACEAE 



Ovary free from the disk; fruit a drupe. I. Rhamni S. 



Ovary adnate to the disk at its base; fruit dry. 2. Ceanothis. 



i. Rhamnus [Tourn.] L. 



Flowers dioecious or polygamous; nutlets grooved. 



Petals present; flowers mainly 4-merous. I. R. calhartica. 



Petals none; flowers 5-merous. 2. R. alnifolia. 



Flowers perfect; nutlets smooth. 3. R. Frangida. 



i. R. cathartica L. Escaped from hedges: E. N. Am. Intro- 

 duced from Europe. 



Not very common as an escape. 



2. R. alnifolia L'Her. In swamps: N. B. to B. Col., N. J.,' 111., 



Neb. and Cal. 



Conn. Northwestern Litchfield Co. 



N. Y. Near Pine Plains, Dutchess Co., Copake Falls, Columbia 



Co. 

 N. J. Hudson, Morris, Sussex and Warren counties, unknown 



elsewhere. 

 Pa. Northampton Co. 



Tertiary, o: Cretaceous, o: Older Formations, apparently most 

 common on limestone. Not south of the moraine. 123-259 days. 

 500-1,500 ft. 



3. R. Frangula L. In bogs: L. I. and N. J. Naturalized from 



Europe. 



