VIOLACEAE 



451 



ground runners; petals violet-blue to 

 purple, the lateral bearded. 

 Leaves heart-shaped, the margins merely cre- 

 nate-serrate, or in nos. 9, 10 and II, 

 some leaves lobed but the cleistoga- 

 mous flowers on prostrate peduncles. 

 Plants glabrous or nearly so. 



Beard of the lateral petals strongly 

 knobbed ; cleistogamous flowers 

 long and slender. 

 Beard of the lateral petals not 

 strongly knobbed; cleistoga- 

 mous flowers ovoid or ovoid- 

 acuminate. 

 Cleistogamous flowers mostly 

 on ascending peduncles; 

 capsuies 5-10 mm. long. 

 Leaves and sepals obtuse; 



capsules green. 

 Leaves and sepals acute; 

 cleistogamous capsules 

 usually purplish. 

 Cleistogamous flowers mostly 

 on short prostrate pe- 

 duncles; capsules 10-15 

 mm. long. 

 Leaves all undivided. 



Early leaves purplish 

 beneath ; plants of 

 sandy or dry soil. 

 Early leaves green; 

 moist soil. 

 Leaves palmately lobed or 

 parted. 

 Plants more or less pubescent. 



Leaves all palmately 5-11-lobed or 

 parted, or rarely the first leaf of 

 spring uncut; seeds brown. 

 Earliest and latest leaves uncut, 

 others pedately 3-7-lobed, parted 

 or divided; seeds usually buff. 

 Leaves all uncut. 



Spurred petal glabrous, or 

 bearing only scattered hairs; 

 capsules 8-10 mm. long. 

 Spurred petal villous; capsules 

 5-8 mm. long. 

 Pubescent only on the 

 upper surface of the leaf. 

 Pubescent on petioles and 

 lower surface of the leaf; 

 sepals ciliolate. 



4. V. cucullata. 



5. V. nephrophytta. 



6. V. obliqua. 



7. V. lalinscula. 



8. V. papilionacea. 



9. V. Stoneana. 



10. V. palmata. 



11. V. triloba. 



12. V. sororia. 



13. V. hirsulula. 



14. V. septentrionalis. 



