compositae 599 



i. S. caesia L. In woods and thickets: Me. and Ont. to Minn., 

 Fla., Ark. and Tex. 



Throughout the range except in the pine-barrens; there wanting; 

 rare in the south increasing northward. 

 A supposed hybrid with 5. ulmifolia Muhl. has been found at Hempstead, L. I. 



2. S. flexicaulis L. In rich woods: N. B. to Ga., west to S. Dak. 



and Kan. 



Conn. Throughout the state, but not common. 



N. Y. Rare on the north side of L. I., unknown on the south 



side; common on S. I., thence increasing northward. 

 N. J. Rare and local in Ocean and Camden counties, north and 



west of the pine-barrens, thence increasing and becoming common 



northward. 

 Pa. Throughout the area. 



Tertiary, o: Cretaceous, rare: Older Formations, increasing 

 northward. 117-220 days. Sea level-3,000 ft. 



3. S. squarrosa Muhl. In rocky soil: N. B. and Ont., south to 



Va. and Ohio. 



Conn. Unknown along the coast and in the eastern part of the 



state, increasing but local northwestward. 

 N. Y. Bank of the Hudson in the Bronx and from the Highlands 



of the Hudson northward, and in Columbia Co. 

 N. J. Bergen, Morris and Hunterdon counties, increasing north- 

 ward. 

 Pa. Throughout the area. 



Tertiary, o: Cretaceous, 0: Older Formations, increasing north- 

 ward, but most common on the trap rock of the valleys of the 

 Connecticut and Hudson, and on limestone. 123-220 days. Sea 

 level-2,980 ft. 



4. S. bicolor L. In dry soil: N. B. to Ga., west to Ont., Minn., 



and Mo. 



Common throughout the range. 



5. S. hispida Muhl. In dry soil: N. S. to W. Ont. and Minn., 



south to Pa., Ga. and Wise. 



Known definitely in New Haven, New London, and Hartford 

 counties in Conn, and in Monroe and Bucks counties, Pa. and 

 from Copake Falls, N. Y. 



Distribution scattered and little understood. Formerly con- 

 fused with the following species. 



