606 MINNESOTA BOTANICAL STUDIES. 
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Bot. Cent. 33: 381, 352, 395-4oo. 1888. Hedwigia, 27: 143. 
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DESCRIPTION OF PLATE XLII. 
Figure 1. A typical frond of Gégartina exasperata one-fourth 
natural size. 
Figure 2. Longitudinal section of holdfast. x 450. 
Figure 3. Cross section of stipe. @, Epidermal cells; 4, pseudo- 
cortical cells; c, pseudo-medullary cells. x 450. 
Figure 4. Longitudinal section of stipe. @, Epidermal cellulose 
Sheath. x 450: 
Figure 5. (@) Surface view of frond, showing epidermal cells 
through the transparent epidermal sheath. (4) Surface view of frond 
showing cells beneath the epidermal cells. x goo. 
Figure 6. Cross section of frond. x 450. 
Figure 7. Filamentous cells of the pseudo-medullary area showing 
granular contents. x goo. 
