Fink: LICHENS OF NORTHWESTERN MINNESOTA. 673 
The lichens composing the smooth bark formation are not so 
various in type, including only the more crustaceous and rudi- 
mentary types of those given above. The more developed 
forms with more specialized rhizoids usually fail to gain a foot- 
hold on the smooth bark. 
Next in order may be considered the formation of old wood. 
CALICEI LICHEN FORMATION OF DEAD WOOD (BEMIDJI). 
Placodium cerinum (HEpw.) Nazc. and Hepp. var. pyracea 
iy... C. 
Placodium ferrugineum (Hups.) Hepp. 
Lecanora varia (Euru.) Nyt., C. 
Lecanora varia (EuRu.) Nyv. var. sepincola Fr. 
Lecanora varia (Euru.) Ny. var. symmicta Acu. 
Rinodina sophodes (Acu.) Ny ., C. 
Biatora uliginosa (ScHRAD.) FR. 
Lecidea enteroleuca Fr. var. ambigua ANz. 
Buellia parasema (Acu.) Tu. FR., C. 
Buellia myriocarpa (DC.) Mupp. 
Acolium tigillare (Acu.) DN. 
Calicium lucidum (Tu. Fr.) Fink. 
Calicium sp. 
Calicium trabinellum (ScHAER.) Kpr. 
Calicium parietinum Acu. 
Calicium trichiale Acu. var. cinereum Nyt. 
This formation is given a slightly different designation from 
the similar ones previously recorded for Mankota and Granite 
Falls * because of the absence of old boards in the new country 
about Bemidji. The formation recorded in this paper is similar 
to the two formerly recorded, but much richer, especially in 
Calicec, for which group the formation is named. Yet the 
three Calicez formations recorded for the state show more varia- 
tion than other related formations and have only four (C) com- 
mon species of a total of 23. Moreover, not a single member 
of the Calicez is common to the three formations. From some 
hasty observations made in 1897 in the Lake Superior region, t 
I had come to believe that certain Calzccums normally grow on 
rotting wood. Careful observation in 1900 showed that all 
* Fink, B. 1. c., 305-306. 
fein, -B. 1. e:, 306: 
