XXI. 
CHARACTERISTIC DEEP-SEA TYPES. — POLYPS. 
HALCYONOIDS AND ACTINOIDS.' 
Amone the Anthozoa the deep-water groups of the West In- 
dian district are most interesting. There are specimens of an 
Umbellula, a genus first accidentally brought up from deep water 
off the coast of Greenland early in the last century, and figured 
by Ellis. His specimens were lost, and Captain von Otter was 
the first to rediscover this interesting genus. The “ Blake " 
dredged fine specimens of Umbellula in deep water in several 
localities in the West Indies. Our species of Umbellula ap- 
pears to be U. Güntheri (Fig. 449), discovered 
by the “Challenger.” A second species has since 
been found on our east coast by the Fish Com- 
mission. 
A number of fine Pennatule were brilliantly 
phosphorescent, of a bluish tint. Their light is 
very strong, a single Pennatula lighting up a whole 
tub full of water. Pennatula aculeata (Fig. 450) 
is a common species off our coast, extending from 
Norway to the Banks of Newfoundland, and as 
far south as 33” north latitude. Of the peculiar 
club-shaped genus Kophobelemnon (Fig. 451) the 
“ Blake” collected only a single specimen, but it 
y has been dredged in considerable numbers by the 
Fig. 451. — Ko- Fish Commission. In certain localities it extends 
Phobelemnon sea- to a depth of over 2,000 fathoms. 
brum. 4, (Ver- ; 
rill.) Several species of long sea-wands seem to be 
1 The account of these Antnozoa has been prepared from the reports of Professor 
Verrill on rollections of the “Blake ” and. ** Albatross.” 
