18 BULLETIN OF THE 
consideration. The ¥% immediately below it represents the embryonic 
mass situated at the tip of the stalk, from which all the gemmiparous 
tissue distributed throughout the stock has taken its origin. As the 
stalk has grown, there have been left behind the embryonic masses repre- 
sented by x. Three of these have arisen together, and the process has 
been repeated as often as segments have been formed. The separation 
of the segments is represented in the formula by a dash. Between every 
two dashes the same budding process is repeated. 
x 
x U ox xm 
x 
* 
The median embryonic masses (x) give rise to the individuals a, b, 
and c, and leave with each a dowry of embryonic tissue represented by x. 
Each of these individuals a, b, and c, with its embryonic mass x, now 
acts exactly like Aé. The lateral embryonic masses act precisely as 
do the median ones. 
The typical condition expressed by the foregoing formula is not often 
perfectly realized, for the simple reason that the stock would thereby be- 
come too crowded. The more frequent modifications are the absence of 
the median bud, the absence of one or both of the lateral buds (stolons) 
and, occasionally, the apparent substitution of & branch for a stolon. 
The foregoing formula is one of the most complicated that it is neces- 
sary to make for Bryozoa, for nowhere else are the embryonic masses so 
abundant relative to the polypides, or, in other words, nowhere else are 
so many embryonic masses borne by one individual. It is quite com- 
mon among other species to find three embryonic masses arising from 
one; but here the formation of triple masses is repeated as often as the 
number of segments in the stalk. "This fact raises the question of the 
significance of these segments, and leads us to discuss the subject. 
