8 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 
Plate I. Figs. 7, 19 (see Explanation of Figures), Plate V. F igs. 204, 
210, 211). This mass may be slightly vacuolated and may show nu- 
cleoli. Some stages of degeneration in the testes of Caloptenus are 
shown in Plate V. Figs. 202-220. The nucleus may divide amitotically 
once, twice, or three times (Figs. 206, 212, 214, 215). This may result 
in ragged granules or strands, or in regular chromatic spheroids (Figs. 
205, 207, 220). It is evident from Figures 202-220, since all are 
drawn to the same magnification, that some degenerating cells increase 
enormously in size, These degenerating cells are very numerous in 
Cicada and Caloptenus, especially in the latter. 
In Cicada there are frequently seen spermatozoa and various stages 
in the metamorphosis of spermatids which are four or five times as large 
as the corresponding normal forms ; they may be called giant spermato- 
zoa. Normal spermatids are represented in Plate I. Figs. 2, 3, 4, 9. 
Stages in the metamorphosis of giant spermatozoa, drawn to the same 
magnification, are shown in Figures 12, 13, 21, 22, Figures 78-103 
(Plate IL) represent giant spermatid cells found accompanying normal 
cells, Figure 104 shows normal spermatids, the magnification being 
the same as in Figures 78-103. The striking similarity between the 
corresponding stages of a normal spermatid and giant forms is very 
readily seen on comparing Figures 62-77 with Figures 78-86. The 
first series is much more. highly magnified than the second, hence the 
apparent equality of size. 
Figures 202, 203 (Plate V.) represent the only examples found in 
Caloptenus which resemble the giant spermatozoa of. Cicada. 
What is the meaning of giant spermatozoa  Frenzel (91,915), Lowit 
(91), vom Rath (90, *91, ’93), Verson (91), Ziegler (91), Ziegler und 
vom Rath (91), Flemming (89), Geberg (’91), and Meves ('91), have 
discussed the question of amitotic division, Lochkerne, Ringkerne, and 
other degeneration conditions. I believe with vom Rath (?93), that 
“Alle Zellen welche einmal amitotische Kernteilung erfahren haben, 
kónnen sich unter keiner Bedingung mehr mitotisch teilen, sie gehen 
vielmehr einem sicheren Untergang entgegen." 1 believe that the 
giant spermatozoa are not functional, that they are excluded from the 
developmental series and really come to naught. But they arise in 
Cicada directly from spermatogonia without cell division, by a meta- 
morphosisis of the nucleus, which may or may not. be accompanied by 
amitotic division of the nucleus. In such spermatogonia the nuclei may 
divide amitotically two or more times (Fig. 8). Then, in the majority 
of cases, the chromatin breaks up into numerous fragments, which are 
