BRANNER: THE STONE REEFS OF BRAZIL. 133 
eastern and western ends; so has Гарда Gururupira ; Lagóa de Araruáma 
has the peaks of Cabo Frio at one end and the hills of Ponta de Sagua- 
réma atthe other. These lakes thus stand on the sites of sunken coastal 
valleys whose mouths have been closed by the shore waste, and whose 
upper ends have been silted up by materials brought down by streams. 
Sand banks or bars are liable to be built across any sharp curve in a 
coast-line ; behind these bars lakes and pools are formed, and later these 
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Fra. 70. Bird’s-eye view of the region about Traição and the mouth of Rio 
Mamanguape, showing the relation of the stone reefs to the shores. 
silt up, forming marshes and eventually land. On the Brazilian coast 
some of the lakes are fresh and some of them are brackish according as 
the influx of fresh water is large or small. 
At Traição, State of Parahyba do Norte, the Гарда de Sinimbú, a 
fresh-water lake, is shut in by a narrow neck of sand that compels the 
drainage to find an outlet to the sea through the Mamanguape River 
several kilometres away. The entire seaward rim of this lake is made 
of recent sands. South of Traição this barrier is about two hundred 
