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DERIVED FROM ANATOMY, HISTORY, AND THE MONUMENTS. 95 
I have been enabled to make extensive and satisfactory comparisons by means of nearly 
six hundred human crania, which form a part of my private anatomical collection. The 
numbers in brackets refer to corresponding numbers on the skulls themselves, and in my 
printed catalogue; and will serve as a future test of the accuracy of my observations, 
which, embracing as they do, such a multitude of details, may require some revision and 
correction. 
How far the following observations may assist in solving a problem which, until lately, 
has been clothed in equal obscurity and interest, is not for me to determine; but I trust 
they will at least, have the effect of inciting others to researches of a similar nature. 
EGYPTIAN ETHNOGRAPHY. 
« Vix quidem monitu opus est in tanta seculorum serie qua mos cadavera balsamo condiendi in Aigypto solemnis fecit, 
inque tam varioruim ejus terre dominorum et incolarum vicissitudine magnam mumias intercedere debere variatatem tam 
quod ad condituree variam rationem et materiem; quam quod ad craniorum in mumiis gentilitiam formam et speciem.” 
—Buumensacnu, Decad. Cran. p. 12. 
It was remarked fifty years ago by the learned Professor Blumenbach, that a principal 
requisite for an inquiry such as we now propose, would be ‘“‘a very careful, technical 
examination of the skulls of mummies hitherto met with, together with an accurate 
comparison of these skulls with the monuments.” ‘This is precisely the design I have in 
view in the following memoir, which I therefore commence by an analysis of the cha- 
racters of all the crania now in my possession. ‘These may be referred to two of the 
great races of men, the Caucasian and the Negro, although there is a remarkable 
disparity in the number of each. ‘The Caucasian heads also vary so much among them- 
selves as to present several different types of this race, which may, perhaps, be appro- 
priately grouped under the following designations :— 
CAUCASIAN RACE. 
1. The *Pelasgic Type. In this division I place those heads which present the finest 
conformation, as seen in the Caucasian nations of western Asia, and middle and southern 
Europe. The Pelasgic lineaments are familiar to us in the beautiful models of Grecian 
art, which are remarkable for the volume of the head in comparison with that of the face, 
the large facial angle, and the symmetry and delicacy of the whole osteological structure. 
Plate III., Fig. 6, and Plate X., Fig. 8, are among the many examples of this confor- 
mation. 
2. The Semitic Type, as seen in the Hebrew communities, is marked by a compara- 
tively receding forehead, long, arched, and very prominent nose, a marked distance 
between the eyes, a low heavy broad, and strong and often harsh development of the 
whole facial structure. Plate XI., Fig. 2. 
* Ido not use this term with ethnographic precision; but merely to indicate the most perfect type of cranio-facial 
outline, 
I SIC SSID ETE 
