FAUNA OF THE PROVINCE OF THE MEDITERRANEAN. 109 
The mixed faunas of the Adneth and Hierlatz beds, and of the gray lias 
limestones and Fleckenmergel, have been described by. Giimbel,' by Dionys 
Stur,? and by Geyer,’ with very interesting remarks upon the similar faunas 
elsewhere. The first author regards the faunas of the Adneth and Hierlatz 
limestones as having species representing not only the various faunas of the 
Lower Lias, but also the faunas of the Middle and even Upper Lias. Oppel con- 
sidered the Hierlatz beds as the equivalent of the Obtusus, Oxynotus, and Rari- 
costatus beds. Geyer, who has examined this locality in detail, thinks, if it is 
compared with any single fauna, that we should have to select that of the Oxy- 
notus bed. He however calls attention to the occurrence of As?. obtusum and 
Cal. raricostatum in the same horizon, thus demonstrating the mixed character of 
the fauna. Stur regards it as possible that the different beds of the Lower 
Lias may, by further investigation, be defined in the Adneth and Hierlatz beds. 
This conclusion, however, rests upon theoretical considerations, and not upon 
actual observations, and this author observes, “‘ dass in den Alpen einzelne arten 
der Lias fauna héher oder tiefer hinauf und herabreichen als in den ausser- 
alpinischen Schichten beobachtet wurde, ... und .. . wihrend der Liaszeit 
innerhalb der Alpengebiets eine weniger streng geschiedene und minder man- 
nichfaltige Gliederung wirklich vorhanden ist.” ® 
Both Stur and Giimbel distinguish only three faunas in the Lower Lias of 
the Kammerkahr Alps: 1. A yellowish limestone with a species similar to 
Johnston. 2. An intensely red limestone with Amm. spiratissimus of Hauer, Li- 
asicus of Hauer, Haueri, Kridion, Ceras, Bodleyi, Mierlatzicus, Grunowt, bisulcatus, oxy- 
notus, euceras, Charmasset, acutiangulatus, Doetzkirchnert, Hermanni, Kammerkahrensis, 
Partschi, cylindricus, Lipoldi, Foetterli, Petersi, but in which, however, a true 
Bucklandi bed was not distinguishable according to Giimbel. 38. Above this, 
thinner layers with Amm. raricostatus, zithus, densinodus, and a form similar 
to stellaris. Giimbel states that the Adneth or dark red limestones, the Hier- 
latz, and the gray limestones of Gastatter Grabens are equivalent to one 
another, and that each contains a mixture of species from Lower, Middle, and 
Upper Lias. 
Suess and Mojsisovics® distinguish a Planorbis, an Angulatus, a Bucklandi, 
a Tuberculatus, and an Obtusus bed in the Osterhornes mountains, but 
consider the Angulatus bed as the equivalent of the Enzesfeld limestones, 
and the Obtusus bed as the equivalent of the Adneth limestones. The fauna 
found by them did not, however, so far as published, appear to justify this 
conclusion. 
Wiihner’ gives a clear statement of the facts in his “ Heteropischen Differ- 
enzirung des alpinen Lias.” He quotes Stur® as having distinguished two beds at 
Enzesfeld, the yellow limestones of the Angulatus zone underlying the true red 
limestones of the Adneth or Rotiformis horizon. The various localities of the 
1 Geogn. Beschreib. d. bayer. Alpen, pp. 428-482. 2 Geol. d. Steirmark. 
3 Ceph. Hierlatz-Schichten. 4 Neues Jahrb. 1862, p. 60. 
6 Geol. d. Steirmark, p. 433. © Op. cit., p. 195. 
7 Verhandl. k. k. geol. Reichsans., p. 168. 
8 See Stur, Lias Hirt. u. Enzesf. Jahrb. geol. Reichs., 1851, pt. 3, pp. 19, 24. 
