DERIVED FROM ANATOMY, HISTORY, AND THE MONUMENTS. 149 
In A the cranium is elongated, narrow, but otherwise mediately developed in front, 
with great breadth and fulness in the whole posterior region. ‘The nasal bones, though 
prominent, are broad, short, and concave, and the upper jaw is everted. There is, also, 
a remarkable distance between the eyes. The facial angle measures 81°, the internal 
capacity 85 cubic inches. 
In the second head, B, the head is long and narrow, with a receding forehead, flat or 
concave nasal bones, and short, everted upper maxilla. Facial angle 78°; internal capa- 
city 77 cubic inches. 
A glance at these two crania will satisfy any one that they possess, in degree, both the 
conformation and expression of the Negro. 
The third skull, that of a child of two years of age, corresponds in general form with 
the preceding, without having the African characteristics quite so obviously expressed. 
It therefore follows, from all the evidence we possess in relation to the Copts, that, as 
a people, they partake sensibly, and sometimes largely, of Negro lineage. 
An inspection of the royal portraits preserved in Rosellini, shows several heads which 
are obviously of the Coptic form; those, for example, of Sabbakon and 'Tirhaka, of the 
Ethiopian dynasty, and of the queen Metumva, of an earlier epoch. (Plate XIV.) The 
same lineaments, though in less degree, are also obvious in the effigies of Shishonk 
(Shishak) and Osorkon IL., of the twenty-second dynasty, and in a few others of different 
periods of time. I wish it to be understood that I do not say these sovereigns were of 
Coptic lineage; but merely that their physiognomy, as expressed on the monuments, has 
the Coptic character. The history of the Copts remains an enigma in Egyptian eth- 
nography. 
7. THE NUBIANS. 
It seems necessary, in further elucidation of this subject, to submit a few additional facts 
and observations in reference to the Berbers, or present inhabitants of Nubia, in order to 
show their relative position to the ancient occupants of that country. As the celebrated 
Burckhardt saw them in almost every locality, we shall mainly content ourselves with his 
graphic delineation. The Berbers, says he, are of a dark red-brown complexion, “which, 
if the mother is a slave from Abyssinia, becomes a light brown in the children ; and if from 
the Negro countries, extremely dark. Their features are not at all those of the Negro, 
the face being oval, the nose often perfectly Grecian, and the cheek bones not prominent. 
. The upper lip, however, is somewhat thicker than is considered beautiful among northern 
VOL. IX.—41 
