12 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOÖLOGY. 
toward the observer, as sometimes happens (Figs. 237—239). Figure 
192 shows four rings seen from the edge and two from the side. The 
four chromosomes of a group may be arranged in & square rather than 
in a circle (Plate IV. Figs. 175, 176). 
The division of the rings may present different appearances according 
to the position of the chromosomes with reference to the poles of the 
spindle. The group may be a square, 
2. with one side turned toward each pole of 
the spindle (Diagram 2), or it may be 
more diamond-shaped (Diagram 1) with 
a à an angle directed toward each pole. In 
Á either case division takes place as indi- 
C cated by the dotted line, and the chromo- 
somes « and 5 go to one pole, c and d to 
the other. The final result, therefore, is 
the same as before. But in the first case 
the chromosomes a and b, still held to- 
gether by linin threads, move toward the pole maintaining unchanged 
their relative positions, i e. the rod with a chromosome at either 
end remains at right angles to the polar axis of the spindle, and is 
therefore in proper position for the second division, which follows di- 
rectly upon the first, and is at right angles with it, a going to one sper- 
matid, b to the other. By the second mode the pair a, b starts for the 
pole, either in a very oblique position or nearly parallel to the polar 
axis, and with a in advance. It therefore must turn 45? or more so as 
to be in the proper position for the second division. 
The later stages of the first spermatocyte division are shown in 
Plate III. Figs. 112, 113, 117, 118, 122, and 123, which are drawn from 
preparations stained with safranin and victoria-green, or by Henneguy's 
method. "These methods do not bring out the individual chromosomes 
at this stage. Figures 118 and 122 show the interzonal filaments 
still bridging over the space between the already separated cells. Some 
cells at this stage (Figs. 113, 117) have a peculiar appearance, as if 
the division were amitotic. But the interzonal filaments between the 
two chromatic masses show it to be a mitotic division. 
The second division of the spermatocytes is shown in Plate III. 
Fig. 128, and Plate V. Figs. 190, 191, 231. This division is accom- 
panied by the formation of a typical spindle and centrosomes ; it effects 
a Separation of the constituent chromosomes of each chromatic dumb- 
bell, and therefore results in giving each spermatid six univalont spher- 
ical chromosomes, such as are shown in Plate III. Figs. 125, 126. 
