134 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOÖLOGY. 
deposits begin just at the borders of the outer moraines and slope away 
from the latter like alluvial cones (Brückner, a, p. 74). “South of 
Schutzing on the Engelbach.... the high terrace Schotter carry great 
blocks and at the same time mud and striated boulders. The deposit 
could be counted as part of the outer moraines if the bedding and 
external form as a terrace did not make evident its character as high 
terrace gravel.” At Traunstein the high terrace gravel constitutes 
the perpendicular bank of the Traun; the upper layers here form 
several alternations of deposit with the moraines (ibid., p. 75). 
——:—Iceland. In the past few years evidences of several succes- 
sive glaciations that preceded the final glaciation of Iceland have been 
discovered by Pjetursson, who has written several papers on the sub- 
ject. Some of these evidences are discussed in a paper by H. G. 
Ferguson, who recently visited the region with Pjetursson. For the 
present purpose it will suffice to give a brief account of the phenomena 
as they were described by Pjetursson after his first discovery. In the 
mountains overlooking the southern lowlands of Iceland the so-called 
“Palagonite Breccias,” of which they are in part composed, present a 
striking resemblance to a very stony boulder-clay (Pjetursson, a, 267). 
The hard sandy matrix is crowded with a great number of blocks of 
basalt, mostly subangular and ranging in size up to three or four feet. 
Many of the stones are distinctly striated and cannot be distinguished 
in that respect from striated stones in loose glacial accumulations. 
The matrix is hard and well jointed, the steep escarpment being deter- 
mined by a joint plane. Thin lenticular layers of fine grained, dis- 
tinctly stratified material are intercalated in the breccias, especially in 
the lower part (ibid., p. 268). The mass of the breccia shows a com- 
mingling of material of every size of grain from fine clay to large sized 
blocks. Part of the latter are angular, more are blunted, some are 
striated. Minor quantities of fine grained stratified material are'inter- 
calated with the unstratified deposit and the bedding is often diagonal. 
Some of the breccias rest upon distinctly striated and grooved rock 
surfaces (ibid., p. 269). 
.— United States; Newark Formation. In the Triassic rocks of 
the eastern United States coarse conglomerates and breccias are found 
at many localities. "These occurrences have caused some speculation 
as to the possibility of glacial action in connection with their deposition. 
Russell shows (b, p. 50-51) that the evidence is insufficient to support 
the hypothesis of glacial action in these cases and in that connection 
he gives a list (ibid., p. 49-50) of direct evidences of glaciation which 
one might expect to find preserved. This list is pertinent to the pres- 
ent inquiry and is therefore given:— 
