GENEALOGY. 61 
of its first member, Cal. Haueri, appears to indicate such a line of descent, though 
of course this can only be considered a suggestion derived from Wihner’s figures. 
Cal. perspiratus and supraspiratus are more or less decidedly channelled, and the 
last inherits well defined keel and channels at an earlier stage than in Cal. Core- 
gonense. Cal. ophioides is a very curious species, with an early development of the 
keel and channels in some varieties, and a very late appearance of these in 
other varieties, as shown by Wihner. This subseries appears in Central Europe 
in a few keeled and channelled forms.’ 
The third subseries includes also Cad. laticarinatum, a varietal modification of 
Cal. proaries according to Wahner, and this leads into several shells with much 
depressed and very stout whorls, such as Cal. salinarium, centauroides, and Grunowt. 
We consider Jaticarinatum as separable from proaries, because of the earlier or 
accelerated development of the keel, and the broad and depressed abdomen. 
There is also a subseries including only the curious Qal. Sebanum described by 
Neumayr, which appears to be a form of Caloceras, possibly somewhat similar to 
the equally remarkable Cal. daqueoides of Wiirtemburg. 
This enumeration shows that the species of the Northeastern Alps, if arranged 
in natural order, would probably form a greater number of subseries in that 
province than in Central Europe, though for convenience’ sake we have here 
placed them in the same number of subseries. 
Vermiceran Series. 
The young of Vernuceras spiratissimum,? before the quadragonal form is fully 
developed, has a stage in which it approximates both in size and characteristics 
so closely to some varieties of Cal. daquewn that separation is not natural. The 
comparison of Fig. 17 and 18, Plate I., with Fig. 25, Summary Plate XI., shows 
the tendency of this species to the production of varieties with channels like those 
of Conybeart. The transition from spiratissimum to Conybeari has been recognized 
by many paleontologists; in fact it is not possible to separate these species, 
though the extreme forms of Conybeari have much stouter young, and usually 
develop the channels and keel at a much earlier age. 
Ver. Conybeari has the usual broad varieties, with late development of keel 
and channels, as in Schlenbachi and the like, and also a form which acquires tuber- 
cles, the Bonnardi form of D’Orbigny, and loses them again either in the adult or 
during the first stage of senility. From this form the transition to ophioides, 
D’Orb.,? which has the adult Conybeari form at a very early age, and also faint 
tubercles, is natural and easy. 
The old age metamorphoses of Ver. spiratissimum and Conybeari are quite dis- 
tinct from those of Caloceras. ‘The sides showed an increasing tendency to con- 
verge, the abdomen became narrower, the pila obsolescent, and the geniculx 
disappeared. In very large specimens this tendency finally obliterated all traces 
1 Summ. Pl. xi. fig. 14-16. 2 Pl. i. fig. 17; Summ. Pl. xi. fig. 23. 
$ Pl: icfig. 2.1; Sumins Pl xi tig: Zo. 
