BRANNER: THE STONE REEFS OF BRAZIL. 209 
given (p. 344) as that for Porto Seguro (p. 229). These rocks, he says, 
are quarried for building purposes. 
The Pernambuco reef is described (p. 434) ав the same as those of 
Porto Seguro, Sta. Cruz, and Bahia, and a small map shows its general 
location. He presumes that Barlaeus’s map of Rio Parahyba shows a 
stone reef ; the reef at Rio Grande do Norte is put down as stone (p. 455) 
with a small map from Almeida. 
4 
Hartt, Ch. Fred. Relatorio preliminar de trabalhos da Commissão 
Jeologica na Provincia de Pernambuco. Rio de Janeiro, 1875. 
Professor Hartt states (p. 4-5), in speaking of the stone reefs, that 
his studies of them prove that the earlier theory advanced by him is 
correct, and the idea that the Pernambuco reef extends north and south 
for long distances is entirely wrong. These reefs he considers local. 
That south of Cape Sto. Agostinho is remarkably regular. Such reefs 
are found in various stages of development; in some places there are 
two or three of different ages, separate, but parallel. The later consoli- 
dated beaches are thin and rest in loose beach sand. 
Hartt, Ch. Fred. Algumas consideragdes sobre о recife de Pernambuco. 
Pelo Professor Carlos Frederico Hartt, Chéfe, etc. Revista do 
Instituto Polytechnico. Tomo V. parte 2, р. 21-26. Rio de 
Janeiro, 1875. 
This article is dated March, 1876. It contains the same facts as those 
given in the Relatorio Preliminar cited in the preceding article. 
Hawkshaw, Sir John. Melhoramento dos portos do Brazil. Publicagäo 
official. Rio de Janeiro, 1875. 
This report, in Portuguese and English, contains descriptions of all the 
more important Brazilian ports, among them those of Pernambuco and 
Rio Grande do Norte. At Pernambuco borings were made upon the 
reef, the first and only ones ever made. These borings are of great import- 
ance in understanding the geology of the reefs; they show (p. 15) the 
hard gand rock to be three or four metres thick ; below this are layers of 
sand, clay, shells, etc. 
A rock reef is mentioned at Ceará (р. 91). Among the charts accom- 
panying the report is one showing the reef at Rio Grande do Norte, and 
one at Pernambuco ; the latter also gives the details of the borings on 
the reef, 
Hawkshaw, J. Clarke. Notes on the consolidated beach at Pernam- 
buco. Quar. Journ. Geol. Soc. „1879, XXXV., р. 239-244. 
VOL, XLIV. 14 
