BRANNER: THE STONE REEFS OF BRAZIL. 23 
several kilometres, but in all the hill-tops the rocks are red and yellow 
and mottled, and these colors descend on the slopes of the hills almost 
or, in places, quite to tide level. Though I have been over these hills 
many times and carefully searched for the contact between what were 
formerly considered to be Cretaceous and Tertiary beds, I have never 
Succeeded in finding anything suggesting a line of division. 
The Island of Itamaracá has limestones and calcareous sandstones 
exposed about its lower levels, but its hill-tops are capped with the 
weathered red beds. I found fossils in the lowest beds at tide-level, 
on the northwest corner of the island, but I could find no dividing line 
between these and the red and yellow earths that cap the hills on this 
corner of the island. Dr. Louis Lombard showed me Cretaceous 
cephalopods collected by him near the southwest end of the island 
from the limestone, and I was told of several lime-kilns about the 
place, but over the island generally the hill-tops are of red and yellow 
soil, 
At the point of land about a kilometre south of Jacumä on the coast 
of the State of Parahyba do Norte, the rock exposed at the water’s 
edge is yellow fossiliferous calcareous sandstone like that at Itamaracá. 
Within a distance of two hundred metres of the fossiliferous beds the 
Sea has exposed overlying colored strata at as low a level or lower, but 
no dividing line can be seen between the two. They merge imperceptibly 
into each other. 
At Parahyba the fossiliferous Cretaceous beds are exposed near the 
railway station in the cuts along the line leading to Cabedello, while the 
tops of the hills on which the city is built are of the red and mottled 
weathered beds. I naturally hoped to find in this railway cut, made 
since my first visit to Parahyba, the contact between Tertiary and Cre- 
taceous, but, as elsewhere, the two divisions merge together so impercep- 
tibly that no separation can be made out though the exposure is a 
fairly good one. 
The colored beds cap the hills on which the city of Parahyba stands, 
and continue eastward to Cape Branco, where they are well exposed upon 
the beach. 
In Bahia between Jaguaripe and Nazareth there are pinkish horizontal 
sandstones that, according to our former classification, were included in 
the Tertiary, but north of Säo Thomé on the shores of the bay, similar 
Sandstones have a north dip of from ten to fifteen degrees. These beds 
are pink in the hill-top, but lose that color as they approach and pass 
below tide-level. 
