MAYER: COLOR AND COLOR-PATTERNS. 305 
may be grouped into two very closely related types. To the one of 
these I have given the name “ Melinaea type,” for it is characteristic 
of most of the species of the genus Melinaea. It is well represented 
by Figs. 46, 48, 49, 51, and 55-57 (Plate 4). The insects which 
belong to this type possess wings colored with rufous, black, and 
yellow, 
The other type I designate as the “ Zthomia type,” for it is very 
characteristic of most of the species of the genus Ithomia. Figs. 47 
and 52 (Plate 4) afford examples of it. This type differs from the 
Melinaea in that the rufous and yellow areas upon the wings have 
become transparent. 
There are, also, many species, found in numerous genera, which 
fall between these two types of coloration, for the yellow and rufous 
spots upon their wings have become translucent, so that one may 
speak of them as “translucent yellow” and “translucent rufous.” 
These spots are, so to speak, in process of becoming transparent, but 
a few yellow or rufous scales still remain dusted over the otherwise 
clear spaces. Most of the Dircennas are good examples of this type 
(Fig. 54, Plate 4). 
Of the 400 species of the Danaoid Heliconidae, about 125 belong 
to the * Melinaea type." It is well represented by most of the 
species of the genera Lycorea, Athyrtis, Ceratinia, Mechanitis, and 
Melinaea. About 30 Ithomias and half a dozen Napeogenes also 
belong to it. About 160 species belong to the * Ithomia type,” and 
of this number fully 120 belong to the genus Ithomia. The others 
are found in the genera Ceratinia, Napeogenes, Ituna, and Thyridia, 
and many of them resemble the Ithomias so closely that they are 
said to mimic them, About 100 species, some of which are found in 
almost all of the genera, are intermediate in their color-patterns 
between the Melinaea and the Ithomia types. The 15 remaining 
species are represented by Melinaea gazoria (Fig. 53, Plate 4), 
Jeratinia eupompe, and a few Ithomias, such as Ithomia hemixantho. 
In these forms almost all color has disappeared, so that the whole 
wing has become of a uniform dull translucent yellow, bordered on 
the outer edges by a grayish black. 
(2) Detailed Description of the Melinaea Type of Coloration. 
Figs. 46, 48, 49, 51, and 55-57 (Plate 4) afford examples of this type 
of coloration, In these insects we find the proximal half of the 
central cell of the fore wing occupied by a rufous-colored area, which 
I call the “inner rufous.” It is marked I in all of the figures. 
