60 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 
stone reef! extending southward along, partly upon, and partly off the 
beach, and having a total length of 3.3 kilometres. This includes also 
the fragments on the beach at its southern end. Аз will be seen from 
the map, the reef is more or less broken throughout, the longest piece 
being only fifty-three metres long. 
It is fifteen metres wide at its widest part above water, but it dips 
gently seaward, and its total width is considerably more than this. It 
is Mr. Gilman’s opinion that the largest pieces have a width to the east 
of about one hundred metres more than is shown upon the map. 
The entire surface of this reef is thickly covered with corallines and 
barnacles. 
At the southernmost point on the beach is an exposure of rock similar 
to that of the reef, and like it containing many shells and some pebbles, 
and strongly false bedded. These beach fragments are much etched. 
At another place in front of the village and about half a kilometre 
south of the northern end of the reef is a similar exposure of sandstone 
on the beach three decimetres above tide, and underlying the sandy soil. 
On the beach of calcareous sands are many bivalve shells, and similar 
shells are imbedded in the rocks of the stone reef. 
The Pernambuco? stone reef. — The Pernambuco reef lies in front of a 
1 The notes on the Rio Doce reef were kindly made for me by my assistant, Mr. 
C. E. Gilman. I have myself seen this reef several times, but many years ago, and 
my early notes on it have been lost. 
2 The name Pernambuco is variously spelled by the old writers on Brazil: Fer- 
nambouc, Fernambuquo, Paranambuquo, Pernambuck, etc. Hans Staden spells it 
“ Prannenbucke." Fernandez Gama explains the name thus: “The native Indians 
called the bar Pera Nambuco, that is to say, broken rock or hole, in allusion to the 
opening through which the ships enter. . . ." (Memorias Historicas da Provincia 
de Pernambuco, Por José Bernardo Fernandez Gama, 1844, I., p. 97.) Macedo gives 
the same explanation except that he says the native words are Pera-nabuco (No- 
сбев de Corographia do Brazil, por Joaquim Manoel de Macedo, p. 101. Rio de 
Janeiro, 1873.) Sir Richard Burton says the etymology is Paraná mbok or mbo, 
meaning sea-arm. (Hans Stade of Hesse. Hakluyt Soc., 1874, p. 20.) 
The fantastic explanations given by Johan Nieuhof, by Arnoldus Montanus, 
and by Rolt are quite out of the question. The first derives it from Inferno 
enbokko, which he understands to mean the mouth of hell, and to refer to 
the harbor mouth. (Gedenkweerdige Brasiliaense Zee-en Lant Reize. Amster- 
dam, 1682, p. 13.) Montanus says the word means “mouth of hell.” Во ac- 
cepts a similar explanation from the Portuguese Infernoboco. (A new and accurate 
history of South America. By Mr. Кой. London, 1756, р. 546.) 
For the correct explanation of the word see note under “ Rolt” on pages 221 апа 
222 of this report. 
Recife is the name of the older part of the city lying east of the Capibaribe. 
This word is simply the Portuguese for “reef,” and is originally from the Arabic, 
— not from the Latin recipere, as stated by Barleus. (р. 66.) 
