296 BOTANICAL GAZETTE [october 



some forms present are the usual meadow species. Following 

 the belt of Scirpus amencaiius and Spartina pate7is which borders 

 the water of a small lily pond west of Silver lake is an associa- 

 tion of Strophostyles umbellata {^S. peduncularis), Diodia virgi?nana, 



and Cyperus cylindricus. Higher up appear Hieracium Gronovii, 

 Asclepiasiyicarnata, Galium pilo sum, Gnaphalium purpureum, Solidago 

 sempervirens, Festuca rubra, Pa?iicum amarum, P. sphaerocarpon, and 

 Siegliiigia seslerioides [Triodia cuprea^, out of which assemblage 

 rise the stalks of Kosteletzkya virginica. One place a little more 

 depressed supports Iris sp., Achillea Millefolium, Daucus Caroia, 

 Rhexia Mariana, Lactuca canadensis, Prunella vulgaris {Brunella 

 vulgaris) , Salvia urticifolia , and Viola sagittata . Eupatorium 

 hyssopifolium and Solidago canadensis occur also, showing a tend- 

 ency toward drier conditions. 



That Silver lake extended in former years much beyond its 

 present boundaries may be supposed from at least three things. 

 First, by comparison with the chart of the Coast Survey no. 

 127, from which the map given has been copied, with what cor- 

 rections appeared to be needed ; second, from the presence 

 around it of meadows, whose hydrophytic forms are being 

 replaced by mesophytic species ; and third, the presence of a 

 clump of Iris on the east shore of the lake, but no longer in 

 swamp conditions, being now on top of a flat dune. 



The Hudsonia complex, back of the first line of dunes, and 

 protected from the ocftan winds, is subjected on its western edge 

 to winds sweeping over the lake and the plain beyond. The 

 dunes here show a windward slope covered with roots and debris 

 of dead plants, uprooted and destroyed by the wind action 

 {Jig, 5), Toward the south end of the lake these dunes become 

 low and are occupied chiefly by Spartina pate?is. 



Across the lake, on its western border, rises the second series 

 of dunes, bending round the meadow described above, and 

 including in the bend a thicket of sumac [Rhus copallind), 



wax berry [Myrica cerifera), pines, cedars, oaks, and Baccharis 

 halmifolia. Northward the depression between the two series is 

 broad, and we find many mesophytic areas, probably the remains 



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