HILL: GEOLOGY OF JAMAICA. 69 
ORIGIN or WHITE LIMESTONES. 
rs ec 
L Remnantal Bottom Ac- Chalk, Shell, Mud, etc. 
Organic EX. cumulo. 
A Ascending organic Reef Rock. 
tractions from rowth 
Sea Water. 8 ; 
a, Original Oceanic ? Chalk Crystalloids. 
IL b. Subsequent alteration. Crystallized. 
( Sinter Deposits. 
Chemical Interstitial alteration. ¡3 Cavernous or Honeycomb 
Precipitates. L Rock. 
d Tufa. 
Superficial. i Sinton 
Soral Mud. 
TIL Submarine. pei Rook, 
Joquina. 
Mechanical SHIRTS. f Cay cblite 
Accumulations. ppc Beach Wash j Caleche. 
| Coquina. 
"Terrestrial. Aolian (Bahama Rock). 
— 
In the foregoing processes we have not considered the possibility of 
the chemical inorganie agencies. Walther has advocated that ammonium 
“arbonate derived from decaying animals may precipitate calcium carbon- 
ate from sea water, but this is not the opinion of modern chemists. 
Reinhard Braun! summarizes the various processes producing oceanic 
lime, and says that most, if not all, massive limestones and chalks are 
of organic origin. 
Tur OCEANIO SERIES. 
The upland white limestones or Oceanic Series, as we shall call the 
Tertiary formations under discussion to distinguish them from the later 
deposits of the Coastal Series, consist of white limestones of varying 
texture and hardness, and probably aggregate 2,000 feet in thickness. 
hese present a perplexing series of surface and interstitial changes 
"nder the influences of solution and oxidation, as explained in their 
tailed descriptions, which render their study a difficult task. They 
Consist of deeper water organic deposits and are free from coral reef 
"ock, littoral shell agglomerates (such as coquina, cantera, and calecho), 
ach wash, wolian débris or other clastic formations which characterize 
1 Chemische Mineralogie, Leipsic, 1896, pp. 370-379. 
