SUMMARY. 115 
The prevalence of the geratologous forms of the different series in the highest 
beds of the Lower Lias indicates that this fauna, like those of the Swiss and 
Rhone basins, is also a residual fauna, but lying north instead of south of the 
zone of the autochthones. The only definite information with regard to the Lias 
faunas of the higher northern latitudes, which I have been able to lay hands on, is 
the “I Sueriges Aldre Mesozoische Bildungen,” by B. Lundgren. Cor. Bucklandi 
and bisuleatum are mentioned, and Cor. Sauzeanum,® Agas. Scipionianum, Agas. stri- 
aries, and Arn. falearies are figured.’ These indicate the presence of the Buck- 
landi beds in northwestern Sweden, but the fossils were in bad condition and not 
abundant in the number of species. Lundgren mentions, also, that these beds are 
underlaid by an unfossiliferous bed, which he thinks is probably the equivalent of 
the Planorbis and Angulatus beds of Central Europe. M. Hebert has, in his inter- 
esting paper, “L’Age des Grés 4 Combustible d’Helsinborg et d’Hoganas,” ® given 
proofs of the presence of the existence of the Planorbis and Angulatus beds in 
southern Sweden, but they contain no specimens of Ammonitine. 
It is well known that the Lias does not exist in Central Russia, and A. Pav- 
low, in his article on “Russie, Esquisse Géologique,’™ gives an account of the 
deposits of the Jurassic, but mentions the Lias as occurring only in the Crimea 
and perhaps the Caucasus, and refers these to the fauna of the Mediterranean 
province, and not to Central Europe. Savi E. G. Meneghini, “Geologia della 
Toscana,” gives several lists of fossils from many distinct localities, among which 
are a number of the Arietidex. Von Rath® quotes a list of fossils from Mene- 
ghini containing many Arietide, and he states that there are a number of new 
forms; but lists of names and descriptions of species are unfortunately not 
usually of value in such work as we are striving to do. Taramelli, in his mono- 
graph, “ Del Lias nelle Provincie Venete,”® describes and figures several species 
of Ammonitine, His Amm. Gubalianus is a true Oxyn. Guibali of considerable size, 
300 mm. in diameter, and too involute for a specimen of Greenoughi. Arietites 
rotiformis is a young form of Cor. Gmuendense, or some such compressed shell; it 
is assuredly not rotiformis if his figure is correct. Ar. oblusus is a true oblusum. 
Ar. stellaris is the adolescent form of Ast. sfellare. All of these have the facies of 
the Northeastern Alps, except perhaps @uwibali, which is new to us as occurring in 
the Mediterranean province. 
Sacco states, in his “ Lias della Valle Sturio di Cuneo,” ” that all the beds of 
the Lower Lias are present, and gives lists of fossils, including a supposed Psi. 
planorbe, several species of Schlotheimia, Ver. Conybeari, and a doubtful Cor. kridion, 
and Cor. Bucklundi and bisuleatum are said to be of good size and abundant near 
Pouriac. In “Lias Inferiore ad Arieti,” by C. de Stefani, it is distinctly stated, 
according to Geyer, that the Lower Lias of Italy is divisible into only two parts; 
one which is similar to the Angulatus horizon, and yet contains the fauna of 
1 Sueriges Geologiska Undersékning, ch. xlvii., Mollusk. 2 Pi. ii. fig. 5-7. 
Ble ialie eos ie ag. O: 5 Pl. ii. fig. 8. 
6 Ann. Sci. Géol., I., 1869. 7 Annu, Géol. Universel, IT., 1886, p. 302. 
§ **Geogn.-mineralo. Fragm. a. Italien,’’ Zeitsch. deutsch. geol. Gesellsch., XX., 1868, p. 320. 
® Atti dell’ Instituto Veneto, ser. 5, V., 1880, Appendix. 
10 Boll. del R. Comitato Geol. d’ Italia, XVII., 1886, p. 15. 
