HILL: GEOLOGY OF THE ISTHMUS OF PANAMA. 219 
Lying to the northwest of Lorena Point is the island of Cano, which 
rises from a submerged platform extending many miles westward out 
into the Pacific. This island, as will be seen by the accompanying 
sketch, consists of a remnant of the old coastal 
peneplain. It, too, has many outlying remnantal 
rocks. This island has undoubtedly been severed 
by marine erosion from the Lorena mainland. 
From Cano Island no land is seen until we 
reach Judas Point, marking the entrance to the 
Gulf of Nicoya. Тһе background consists of the 
rugged mountains of the Sierra Candella. A high 
summit, called an extinct volcano upon the hydro- 
graphio chart, rises to a height of nearly 8,000 
feet, while others near by in the background are 
nearly 12,000 feet. These are apparently portions 
of the great peaks which constitute the summit 
IZ anol 
region of the province of Talamanca, the south- 
ward continuation of the Costa Rican volcanic 
plateau, Judas Point shows the same features 
of outlying rocky islets, coastal swamp, wave-cut 
cliffs, and the Panama peneplain, as we have 
observed all the way from Panama to this point, 
thus showing the continuity in this region of the 
Pacific of the same geomorphio features. 
No student of topography can make this trip 
along the „Pacific coast from Panama to Punta 
Arenas without being impressed by the fact that 
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large areas now covered by the waters of the 
Pacific were once occupiod by an extensive main- 
land, which has been so destroyed by the erosion 
of the Pacific that it is now represented only by 
the few remaining islands and peninsulas we havo 
mentioned. A line connecting the outer point of 
the peninsulas of Nicoya and Salsipuedes with 
the outer capes of the Gulf of Panama will en- 
close an area of the Pacific Ocean which has certainly been land at no 
remote geologie period. 
The essential features of the Isthmian section can be traced along 
the whole coast of the mainland: the continental mass of eroded 
pointed mountains, bordered by the Panama peneplain, or erosion level, 
