322 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 
the crossbedding that the discharge from the ice was southward, but 
the top-set beds of this delta were not found at a height greater than 
20 feet below the divide which held the lake in. This fact testifies 
to the early establishment of drainage down the valleys around the 
ice. To have allowed this the ice must have been in large part stag- 
nant. 
The divide at Williamstown is the lowest one between the Lake 
Champlain drainage and that of the Connecticut River. It is about 
400 feet higher than the highest stage of Lake Vermont. Therefore, 
Lake Vermont never had an outlet into the Connecticut River. 
Between Williamstown and the main valley of the Winooski River 
the railroad traverses an area of typical kame topography of which 
the many unfilled basins at an altitude of about 760 feet are evidence 
that lacustrine conditions did not prevail above this elevation after 
the valley was free of ice. 
At the junction of this side valley with the main valley there are, 
however, broad flats underlain by horizontal fine sands at a height 
of 745 feet above the sea. A mile up the side valley a narrow embay- 
ment is fringed with distinct marks of a shore-line at an altitude of 
750 feet. 
The only one of the valleys tributary to the Winooski on the north 
which I visited, is the Waterbury valley. This valley has been re- 
ferred to as the most typical of the longitudinal valleys. It lies 
east of Mt. Mansfield. At the mouth of this valley, as well as in 
the main valley of the Winooski, terraces composed almost wholly 
of clay rise nearly 100 feet above the river, and over 500 feet above 
the sea. Clays are found also up the Waterbury valley at an altitude 
of over 700 feet. 
The divide on the valley floor between the Waterbury valley and the 
valley of Joe’s Brook — which slopes northward — is only 740 * feet 
above the sea. The surface at the divide is wholly made up of water- 
laid gravel and sand. The aspect of the eastern part of the divide 
is shown in Plate 3, fig. 2. Here it is seen'as two well-marked terraces 
about 15 feet high and 400 feet wide, trending squarely across the 
valley. The terraces are about three fourths of a mile long, and al- 
though they appear horizontal, they slope westward along their trend 
about 60 feet per mile. At their eastern ends they grade into kame 
terraces which border the valley for miles, at their western ends they 
die out in a broad sandy plain. The eastern part of the upper terrace 
1 Four barometric determinations from Waterbury (427 feet) gave a mean of 690 feet 
for the altitude of Stowe (hotel steps). 
