256 BULLETIN OF THE 
young are usually enveloped, has been entirely cast off, and the lateral spines 
and the rostrum are fully expanded, and the second zoéa-stage about to be 
described.” * 
As I have now shown that the first stage is really devoid of lateral spines, 
and has only a short and broad rostrum, it is to be inferred that the so-called 
“second zoéa-stage” (which was taken in the towing-net) is in reality a later 
one in the development.f I was unable, with the greatest care, to rear any 
larve through the first moult into the second stage, but I think that one if not 
more stages remain to be discovered between the first and the earliest described 
by Smith, 
II. Porcellana (Polyonyx) macrocheles. 
Among the interesting Crustacean larva which the Gulf Stream bears to the 
southern shores of New England from more southern latitudes, is the peculiar 
zoéa of Porcellana macrocheles. Not uncommon on the coast of the Carolinas, 
the adult has been found but once, as far as I know, on the coast of New Eng- 
land, Mr. Alexander Agassiz having detected it under stones on the shore at 
Newport, R. I. In the same category are the young of Calappa marmorata and. 
Ocypoda arenaria, which are found, the former rarely, the latter quite com- 
monly, as far north as Cape Cod, but which rarely, if ever, survive our rigorous 
winter, 
* Op. cit., pp. 814, 315. 
+ Professor Smith's ** numerous attempts to obtain newly hatched young, by keep- 
ing egg-carrying females in aquaria, failed from the parent's invariably casting off tho 
eggs before they were fully matured.” (Op. cit., p. 314.) By selecting females with 
eggs considerably advanced toward maturity, and placing them in a cool place, in 
shallow vessels covered at the bottom with elean sand, and renewing the water twice 
a day directly from the sca, 1 found no difficulty in obtaining several broods of young 
at various times between the 1st and 30th of August. I succeeded best by covering 
the sand with but a slight depth of water, and tipping up the vessel a little so that 
part of the sand was above water, thus imitating the natural beach, where at low 
tide the Hippa are found in the wet sand just above the water-mark. 1 observed 
that in vessels so placed the Z/ippe for a large part of the time preferred the wet sand 
above the water-line, 
For the free use of the laboratory and apparatus of the United States Fish Commis- 
sion at Wood’s Hole, in the summer of 1877, 1 am indebted to Professor 5. F. Baird, 
U. 8. Commissioner of Fish and Fisheries. 
+ Professor S. I. Smith found small, young specimens of Ocypoda arenaria in the 
latter part of August and in September on Fire Island Beach, Long Island, but care- 
ful search failed to reveal a single specimen of the adult or half-grown crab. (Amer. 
Jour. Sci. and Arts, 3d Series, VI. p. 68. 1873. Invert. Animals of Vineyard 
Sound, p. 241. 1873. No one has found the zota of this animal so far north, 
although the megalopa is not uncommon. The zoëæ of Porcellana which I collected 
at Newport were nearly all in the last stage of their development. From these facts 
it is highly probable that these species are not natives of tho New England coast. 
