THE PELAGIC FAUNA AND FLORA. 193 
(Fig. 115), though not uncommon in deep waters, are more 
rarely thrown up on beaches. Professor Giglioli has dredged 
them in the Mediterranean, and they have been dredged east of 
Long Island by the United States Fish Commission. 
One of the most characteristic of the Atlantic pelagic types is 
Sagitta (Fig. 116); as its name implies, it darts through the 
water in search of its minute prey, which it seizes with its 
gigantic jaws. Other worms, like Autolytus and Nereis, are 
at times pelagic, while the large-eyed Argyope and the trans- 
parent Tomopteris (Fig. 117) are constant attendants of the 
surface fauna. Of crustacea there are a host of minute pre- 
datory forms, — Calanus, Mysis, Nebalia (Fig. 118), ete.,— 
regular scavengers of the surface, 
and thousands of copepods, the main 
object of whose existence seems to 
be to keep themselves on hand as 
food for the larger pelagic types 
of crustacea, like Euphausia and its 
allies. We have certain forms of 
pelagic fishes, the transparent Plagu- 
sie, Leptocephali, and the like, some 
species of which are only the young 
of deep-sea forms. Pelagic species 
of fishes often attain a large size, 
such as the thunny, horse-mackerel, sword-fish, Orthagoriseus, 
Coryphena, Histriophorus, and others. The group of flying- 
fishes is a true pelagie type, to which we might add some of 
the migratory fishes, as the clupeoids and scombroids. Many 
of the large types of sharks like the thrasher, basking shark, 
and mackerel shark, are pelagie, and are met with at great dis- 
tances from the coast. The skates, on the contrary, are nearly 
all deep-water types, though they are occasionally seen hunting 
near the surface. Finally, of the mammals, the whales, dol- 
phins, and porpoises, dancing attendance on ships far out at sea, 
complete our general enumeration of the pelagic types. 
Among the more minute types are the graceful globigerinz, 
with their delicate arms, appearing like scarlet dots on the sur- 
face of the sea. These swarm on warm, calm days, I had an 
Fig. 118. — Nebalia. +. 
