28 



UNITED STATES AND MEXICAN BOUNDARY. 



Skull. 



Total lengtli 



. 290 c? 

 Copper mines 



Inches. 



ICOthof 

 length. 



From end of intermaxillarj to end of condyles 

 Greatest width 



Greatest height above base of cranium 

 Distance between orbits 



Distance between orbital processes 

 Nasal bones, width before 



14.20 



13.10 



8.20 



4.40 



3.10 



4.70 

 1.40 



2.80 



Narrowest part of muzzle behind canines 



Upper incisors from front to molars 3.20 



Upper incisors to hinder margin of palate I 6.95 



1.00 

 .92 

 .58 

 .30 

 .21 

 .33 

 .09 

 .19 



r 



,22 



.48 



Skull. 



990 S' 

 Copper mines 



Upperincisors,widcli between external edges 

 Upper molari?, length taken together 



Inches. 100th of 



length. 



Upper molars, least distance between 



From intermazillary to commencement of 



orbit . 



Between post-orbital points of occiput;. 



From post-orbital points to end of nasals 



From post-orbital points to end of intermax- 

 illary 



1.87 

 2.80 

 1.80 



.13 

 .19 



.12 



5.70 

 7.60 

 4.64 



.40 

 .54 

 .33 



7.40 



.53 



147. ^ . Los Nbgales, Sonora, June, 1855. Dr. Kennerly. — 990 — 995. <? . Copper miues, N. 

 Mex. J. H, Clark; skull. 



"The black bear is the most common In southwestern Texas. A brown bear occurs here also, which I think can be hardly 

 identical with the brown or grizzly of northern Chihuahua and Sonora. The brown bear of the farmer place is smaller, and is mosfc 

 usually met about water courses ; these furnishing both cover and food, it is true there is but little inducement for it to wander 

 out on the open prairie. The black or grizzly was found abundant in all the mountainous regions traversed west of Rio Grande. 

 Late in the summer thej leave the mountains for the open prairie, it is said by frontiersmen, for some plant which is relished 

 muchj and which ripens at this season. What that plant is I was never able to ascertain. As far as my observation extended, 

 they make an annual migration from the rugged and unfrequented mountain, which they habitually inhabit late in summer, and 

 probably because the supply of acorns, piuones, and cedar berries, their principal food, is exhausted at this season. Its habitat 

 in the mountains is marked by upturned rocks, which seemed to be displaced for the sake of insects and other animals harboring 

 under ihera, and loose soil torn up in pursuit of the roots of the cedar and other trees Notwithstanding its awkward and 

 ungainly gait, where the country is at all rough and broken, it will easily outdistance a mule. I have known this bear, when 



F 



surprised and suddenly startled, to make a snuffiing blow, or a respiratory grunt, which is, I believe, the only sound it is capable of 

 producing. Once entering a grassy depression of prairie near the Cobre, I was surprised to see three of these bears sitting on 

 their haunches at a short distance, to all appearances, calmly watching our approach ; it was soon evident that they were only 

 reconnoitering, for no sooner did they get the scent of us, than they put off at as rapid a rate as possible. As a rule, they 

 avoid the vicinity of man ; yet they have been known to come into camp after the offal after night, and even in day/' — (J. H. 

 Clark.) 



** In regard to the bears that are found along the northern frontier of Mexico and the southern portion of New Mexico, there 

 seems to be some confusion. In addition to the common black bear, Urms americanus, and the large grizzly, Z7. feroxj there is 

 found another animal, intermediate in size to these, generally of a brownish color, with the tips of the hairs often silvered, espe- 

 cially ia the old individuals, and in appearance, except size, is almost identical with the U. feroz found in such great numbers 

 n California. Among the people of the country they are known as hrotcn bears ; but this term is variously modified by the most 

 experienced hunters, as we have heard applied by them, to the same individual, the names grizzly bear, touch of the grizzly, 

 cross between grizzly and brown bear, and common brown bear ; but on no occasion have we heard them assign any relationship 

 between these animals and the common black bear, causing us to believe that there must be a considerable difference between 

 this animal and the brown bear of Oregon, which is called by naturalists only a variety of the black ; in fact, its size, generally, 

 would necessarily preclude such comparison, while even the very old individual falls far short of the weight and dimensions of 



E 



the U, ferox of California, of which we could much more easily consider it a variety than of the fl. amerkanus, 



'• These animals were observed by us in greater or less numbers in the San Luis mountains, the Sierra Madre, and at Los 

 Nogales ; being particularly numerous at the first and last named localities. We were assured by the Mexicans of Sonora, who 



