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THE AUEIEEEOTJS GEAVELS OF THE SIEEEA NEVADA. 



Finally, as the summing up of the discoveries and investigations made by 

 the Geological Survey in California, we have : 



1. The clear and unequivocal proof, beyond any possibility of doubt or 

 cavil, of the contemporaneous existence of man with the mastodon, fossil 

 elephant, and other extinct species, at a very remote epoch as, compared 

 with anything recorded in history. 



2. That man, thus proved to be contemporaneous with a group of animals 

 now extinct, did not essentially differ from what he now is in the same re- 

 gion and over the whole North American Continent. 



3. That there is a large body of evidence, the strength of which it is 

 impossible to deny, which seems, to prove that man existed in California 

 previous to the cessation of volcanic activity in the Sierra Nevada, to the 

 epoch of the greatest extension of the glaciers in that region, and to the 

 erosion of the present river canons and valleys, at a time when the animal 

 and vegetable creations differed entirely from what they now are, and when 

 the topographical features of the State were extremely unlike those ex- 

 hibited by the present surface. 



4. That man existing even at that very remote epoch, which goes back 

 at least as far as the Pliocene, was still the same as we now find him to be 

 in that region, and the same that he was in the intermediate period after 

 the cessation of volcanic activity, and while the erosion of the present river 

 canons was going on. 



5. That the discoveries in California, and those in other parts of the 

 world, notably in Portugal and India, present a strong body of evidence 

 going to prove the existence, during an immensely long period, of the 

 human race in its primitive condition, — that is to say, in the simplest 

 and rudest condition in which man could exist and be man. 



o. lhat, so far as we now know, there is no evidence of the existence 

 of any primordial stock from which man may have been derived, as far 

 back at least as the Pliocene. Man, thus far, is nothing but man, whether 

 found in Pliocene, Postrpliocene, or Recent formations. 





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