206 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 
mation the author was able to gather in Holland regarding the port, 
reef, and city of Recife during the occupancy of the Dutch from 1630 to 
1654. This paper is accompanied by an interesting map showing the 
changes thus found to have taken place between the middle of the seven- 
teenth century and 1876, when this map was made. It gives a brief 
résumé of the physical history of Pernambuco during Dutch occupation. 
“As an example of the rather strange topographic inexactness,” he cites, 
“the pronounced bend of the reef, . . . a bend which could not have 
existed, as one may see, aside from other proofs, by glancing at the pan- 
orama of the port drawn by Post in Barlaeus’ history.” 
Prancisco de Brito Freyre. Nova Lusitania, Historia da guerra Bra- 
silica. Lisboa na officina de Joam Galram. Anno 1675. Livro 
quarto, sec., 339, p. 176. 
Speaking of the city of Recife, the author says: “ The impetus of the 
waves is broken by the chain of a very remarkable reef which rises 
slightly above and is occasionally covered by water, continuing a great 
number of leagues, which, though cut by nature, is almost as even as ar- 
tificial walls.” 
Gama, 1016 Bernardo Fernandes. Memorias Historicas da Provincia 
de Pernambuco. Pernambuco, 1844-8. 
Volume ПТ. contains a plan of the city and reef of Pernambuco, after 
Barlaeus (1647). Volume IV. has another plan after Col. C. J. de Nei- 
meyer on which the position of the reef is shown by a straight line. 
Gandavo, Pero de Magalhanes de. Histoire dela Province de Sancta- 
Cruz que nous nommons ordinairement Brésil. Lisbonne, 1576. 
(Voyages, relations et mémoires originaux de L'Amerique. Par 
Henri Ternaux. Paris, 1837. П.) 
Speaking of the Pernambuco reef, this author says: “ At one league to 
the south of the Olinda colony, a reef or chain of rocks forms the port ” 
(p. 37). 
Gardner, George. ‘Travels in the Interior of Brazil, principally through 
the northern provinces. London, 1846, p. 80, 94, 103, 104, 154. 
At Pau Amarello, a small fishing village between Pernambuco and 
Itamaricä, the reef is about a mile from the shore, and is there not con- 
cealed by high water. Gardner noticed a strong resemblance between 
the reef rock and the sandstones at Rio Formoso, and thought he “could 
trace, at low water, a rocky connection between the reef and the rocks of 
which the hills were composed. It is more probable that the reef owes 
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