384 BOTANICAL GAZETTE [November 



about floating mats are explained by the great abundance of falling leaves, 

 which smothers out the vegetation. The vegetation is not xerophytic in 

 structure in the earlier stages. — A. Hollick (Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 2 : 381- 

 407. 1902 ; see also Torreya 2 : 58-59. 1902), in a paper dealing chiefly with 

 geological phenomena, gives a short account of the vegetation of Cape Cod. 

 Apparently the dunes of Provincetown were once well forested, while it is 

 now difficult to secure artificial reforestration. To account for this Hollick 

 advances the view that a forest can develop pari passu with the increasing 

 piles of sand ; if, however, the trees are cut off, the drifting sand makes refor- 

 estration difficult or impossible. The vegetation is treated in tw^o groups, 

 that of the forest (dominated by PifiMS rigida, Quercus rubra, and Q, velutina\ 

 and that of the bare sands, subdivided into beach and dunes. Reference has 

 previously been made (Box. Gaz, 31: 134. 1901) to the excellent work of 

 Hollick on the forests of New Jersey. — J. W. Harshberger (Proc. Acad. 

 Nat. Sci. Philadelphia igoo: 623-671) has made an ecological study of the 

 New Jersey strand flora. He finds a plantless lower beach, a middle beach 

 with Cakile and other succulents, and an upper beach with much Oenothera 

 humifusa, a plant of southern range. The seaward dunes are dominated by 

 Ammophila, while farther inland Myrica cerifera and Hudsonia assume the 

 leading place. The tree-clad strand is dominated by weather-beaten jum- 

 pers, and there is also a jungle zone of trees, shrubs, and lianas. The salt 

 marshes are also considered. — C. F. Saunders {idem 544-549) describes the 

 pine barrens and sphagnous bogs of New Jersey. — A. MacElwee {idem 

 482-490) considers the flora of Edgehill ridge, Montgomery county. Pa., 

 three societies being discussed, namely, sunshine, shade, and sphagnous bog. 

 T. H. Kearney (Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. 5: 261-319. 1900) has pub- 

 lished a short but interesting account of the vegetation of Ocracoke island. 

 North Carolina. While many forms are common to northern beaches and 

 dunes, such plants as Croton maritimus dominate on the beach, and Uniola 

 panicnlata on the outer dunes. Live oaks rule in the groves, and Ilex vomi- 

 toria in the thickets. The salt marshes have many familiar northern types. 

 The mingling of salt and fresh water forms is explained by alternations of 

 salty spray and rainfall ; perhaps, however, fresh conditions are encroachmg 

 upon the salt, leaving the salt marsh forms as relicts. Interesting anatomi- 

 cal studies upon salt marsh plants confirm the prevalent notion of their xero- 

 phytic structure. The island is placed in Merriam's Austroriparian, though 

 many typical plants are absent and others present.— D. S. Johnson (Box. 

 Gaz. 30 : 405-410. 1900) gives some ecological notes on the seed plants and 

 algae at Beaufort, N. C. 



T. H. Kearney (Contrib, U. S. Nat. Herb. 5: 321-585. I90i)givesa most 

 excellent account of the vegetation of the Dismal Swamp region. The paper 

 is splendidly illustrated with plates and numerous figures, and is one of the 

 most valuable of recent contributions to plant geography. He regards the region 

 as belonging to Schimper's ever-moist warm temperate zone, though differmg 



