BANDED SLATES WITH OTHER TILLITES. 55 
“The lower members, beginning with the Brighton limestone, near Adelaide, show the 
following succession in descending order: Brighton limestone, Tapley’s Hill ribbon-slates, 
Glacial till, Glen Osmond slates and quartzites, Upper phyllites, Black Hill (thick) quartzite, 
Lower phyllites, River Torrens limestone, Basal grits and conglomerates resting unconform- 
ably on a pre-Cambrian complex. The lower Cambrian beds are apparently destitute of 
organic remains, except for a few obscure traces of Radiolaria in the siliceous limestones.” 
Howcuin, 1912, p. 194. 
The ribbon slates spoken of are certainly banded slates. The Glen Osmond 
slates and quartzites also show banding. It will be very profitable to reéxamine 
this formation. 
When we come to the Permian period the tillites are much more numerous. 
It will be well to begin with Ramsey’s Permian breccias of the Midlands of 
England. Ramsey was the first to consider the glacial origin of ancient con- 
solidated deposits. In 1855 he gave notable evidence to prove the glacial origin 
of the Permian breccias. <A description of this Permian breccia had already 
been made by John Phillips in 1848; he gives a very interesting account of the 
Haffield conglomerate which belongs to this same series. A part of the descrip- 
tion is as follows: 
“ Along this line of road an excellent section is made, which on the west shows the Haffield 
conglomerate; above this a great thickness of new red sandstone, with its usual complication 
of variously-inclined lamin, and on the eastern side red and green marls with thin sandstones. 
The conglomerate dips to the south-east (13°); the lamine of the sandstone also are inclined” 
in that direction (from 5° to 28°); the superincumbent marls and thin sandstones are greatly 
disturbed, in places vertical, bent, arched, and broken by faults. * * * 
“Combining the observations which have now been mentioned, touching the Haffield 
conglomerate, it appears that the accumulation of the pebbly components of this rock is, if 
not confined to the localities or districts which have been named, at least nowhere else 
apparent at the surface. It is worthy of remark, that these points are all in situations which 
were or may be believed to have been bays or sheltered parts of the ancient sea-coast line; 
that the constituent fragments which abound in the conglomerate are very rarely rolled to 
spheroidal masses, and often only blunted at the angles; and that the two most conspicuous 
masses, viz., that south of the Malverns and that of the Teme Valley, decline rapidly toward 
the south.” Pxriitps, 1848, p. 113. 
Although Ramsey’s breccia, was the first tillite identified in the world, 
the Blanford brothers discovered a tillite of Permo-Carboniferous age in India, 
not far from Calcutta, in 1856. Above this tillite are some well-banded sand- 
stones and shales. Describing the beds overlying the Talchir tillite Blanford 
writes: 
“An obliquely measured section in a nullah near Purongo seems to show that in that 
place it is about 200 feet; here there are alternations of coarse and shaly sandstones, much 
