96 OBSERVATIONS ON EGYPTIAN ETHNOGRAPHY, 
3. The Egyptian form differs from the Pelasgic in having a narrower and more 
receding forehead, while the face being more prominent, the facial angle is consequently 
less. The nose is straight or aquiline, the face angular, the features often sharp, and the 
hair uniformly long, soft, and curling. In this series of crania I include many of which 
the conformation is not appreciably different from that of the Arab and Hindoo; but I 
have not, as a rule, attempted to note these distinctions, although they are so marked as 
to have induced me, in the early stage of the investigation, and for reasons which will 
appear in the sequel, to group them, together with the proper Egyptian form, under the 
provisional name of Awstral-Egyptian crania. I now, however, propose to restrict the 
latter term to those Caucasian communities which inhabited the Nilotic valley above 
Egypt. Among the Caucasian crania are some which appear to blend the Egyptian 
and Pelasgic characters: these might be called Ligypto-Pelasgic heads; but without 
making use of this term, except in a very few instances by way of illustration, I have 
thought best to transfer these examples from the Pelasgic group to the Egyptian, inas- 
much as they so far conform to the latter series as to be identified without difficulty. 
For examples of this mixed form, I refer especially to Plate XI., Fig. 1, and Plate IIL, 
Fig. 7. 
NEGRO RACE. 
The true Negro conformation requires no comment; but it is necessary to observe that 
a practised eye readily detects a few heads with decidedly mixed characters, in which 
those of the Negro predominate. For these I propose the name of Negroid crania; for 
while the osteological development is more or less that of the N egro, the hair is long but 
sometimes harsh, thus indicating that combination of features which is familiar in the 
mulatto grades of the present day. It is proper, however, to remark in relation to the 
whole series of crania, that while the greater part is readily referrible to some one of the 
above subdivisions, there remain other examples in which the Caucasian traits pre- 
dominate, but are partially blended with those of the N egro, which last modify both the 
structure and expression of the head and face. 
We proceed, in the next place, to analyze these crania individually, arranging them, 
for the purpose of convenience, into seven series, according to their sepulchral localities, 
beginning with the Necropolis of Memphis in the north: 
First series, from the Memphite Necropolis. 
A. Pyramid of five steps. 
B. Saccara, generally. 
C. Front of the Brick Pyramid of Dashour. 
D. North-west of the Pyramid of Five Steps. 
E. Toora, on the Nile. 
Second series, from the Grottoes of Maabdeh. 
Third series, from Abydos. 
Fourth series, from the Catacombs of Thebes. 
Fifth series, from Koum Ombos. 
Sixth series, from the Island of Beggeh, near Phile. 
Seventh Series, from Debod in Nubia. 
