CHARACTERISTIC DEEP-SEA TYPES. — ACALEPHS. 137 
is still problematical, surrounding the branch where they occur 
like minute sponges. They are found to consist of a multitude 
of flask-shaped receptacles. 
The genus Cladocarpus was established by Allman for a re- 
markable plumularian obtained in the eastern part of the North 
Atlantic during one of the expeditions of the “ Porcupine.” 
Cladocarpus paradisea (Fig. 436), a beautiful species, very 
striking from its deep and widely separated hydrothees, was 
dredged off Tennessee Reef, and off the Samboes, from 174 
fathoms. 
Hippurella is a genus founded by Allman for hydroids in 
which the basal ends of the branches carry normal pinne, while 
the outer end of the same bear verticillately arranged ribs modi- 
fied for sheltering the sexual bodies. Hippurella annulata 
grows in tufts, numerous undivided stems springing from a com- 
mon base. (Fig. 437.) It is of a rather rigid habit; it was 
dredged off Pacific Reef, from 283 fathoms. 
In Callicarpa we have whole branches specialized and modified 
for the protection of the sexual bodies. In Callicarpa gracilis 
(Fig. 438) the gonosome closely resembles a spike of wheat, and 
springs by a short peduncle immediately from 
the main stem. (Fig. 439.) 
The most important of the family of Plumu- 
laridæ devoid of movable nematophores is Pleu- 
rocarpa, dredged from the neighborhood of the 
island of St. Vincent in 95 fathoms. In the 
single known specimen the gonosome (Fig. 440) 
certainly is, the ‘most extraordinary modifica- 
tion of the branch serving as a protection 
for the sexual bodies thus far found among 
plumularians.» The basket-shaped structures 
called corbule, which serve the same purpose 
in other genera, are, as Allman has shown, 
modified pinne, and not, as in Hippurella, 
Callicarpa, and Pleurocarpa, a branch or por- 
; : : en Fig. 440. 
tion of a branch bearing pinne modified to Plourocarpa ramo- 
become specialized bodies with the form of cor- an menm 
ewkKes. 
bule. 
