86 GENESIS OF THE ARIETIDA. 
The principles of geographic distribution first announced by Marcou* have 
been carried further by Neumayr,? who has defined the homozoic bands of life 
in the faunas of what he has denominated the Mediterranean, Central European, 
and Russian provinces. 
Neumayr, in his article “Ueber climatische Zonen der Jura und Kreide- 
zeit,”® describes the boundary between the Mediterranean and the Central Euro- 
pean provinces. This line, as far as traced by him, begins at the east between 
the Donetz and the Crimea, at about 47° north latitude, and runs thence to the 
easterly end of the Carpathians; thence, north-northwest to the neighborhood of 
Krakau; thence, southwest towards Vienna, and south of Briinn ; thence, west- 
erly to the neighborhood of Lake Constance ; thence, west-southwest, and later 
southwest through southeastern France; thence, across the Gulf of Lyons to 
Spain, and across that country and Portugal to between 38° and 39° north lati- 
tude on the Atlantic. This author regards the Mediterranean province south 
of this line, and the Central European province north of it, as respectively parts 
of two homozoic bands, which encircled the earth during the jurassic period. 
The Central European province was defined by Neumayr, in a general way, 
as including the British Islands, France, Germany, Bohemia, Moravia, and Poland, 
north of the line described above, and perhaps the Dobrudscha region. The 
Jura north of these countries was included in his Russian province, which con- 
tained Central Russia, Petschora Land, Spitzbergen, Greenland, and perhaps 
Vancouver's Island in North America. Neumayr quotes the works of various 
authors upon the fossils found in South America, and concludes that the Jura in 
Bolivia, Chili, the Argentine Republic, Columbia, and in Central America is 
probably Mediterranean. He thinks also that the few fossils found in the United 
states indicate the presence of a Central European fauna. 
Waagen, in his “ Fauna of Kutch,” shows that India is a distinct basin, con- 
taining forms of the Upper Jura found in the provinces of the Mediterranean 
and Central Europe, besides numerous peculiar species. Steinmann is of the 
same opinion with regard to the fauna of the Upper Jura which is found near 
Caracoles in Bolivia. 
We have examined a number of the latter collected by Alexander Agassiz 
at this locality, also several species collected by him at the pass of Tilibichi in 
Peru, as well as those mentioned in the chapter “ Descriptions of Genera and 
Species ” of this work, and have read Gottsche’s “ Paleontology of the Argentine 
Republic.” These and other sources of information show, we think, the same 
history as in India; namely, that this region may be advantageously separated 
as the South American province on account of the number of peculiar species it 
contains. There are, over and above these, also a number of forms identical with 
those of Central Europe and the Mediterranean. We have also seen the fossils 
of the Upper Jura, found in California, through the kindness of Prof. Joseph 
1 Roches des Jura, pp. 74-91, 230, ef seq. 
2 Ueber Juraprov. Verh. k. k. geol. Reichsans., 1871, p. 54; Ueber unverm. auftret. Cephal., Jahrb. 
geol. Reichsans., XXVIII., 1878; and Jurastud., Ibid., I., 1871, p. 524. 
3 Denksch. Akad. Wien, 1883, XLVIL, and also Geog. Verbreit. d. Jurafor., Ibid., L., 1885. 
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