DERIVED FROM ANATOMY, HISTORY, AND THE MONUMENTS. 158 
been executed but yesterday; and yet some of these vivid delineations are nearly three 
thousand five hundred years old! and, moreover, as if to enforce the distinction of race 
by direct contrast, they are placed side by side with people of the purest Caucasian 
features. 
The delineations of the Negro which are supposed to be of the most ancient date 
have not yet been identified with the epoch to which they belong. Such.are those in a 
tomb at Thebes of the age of Amontuonch, an “unplaced king,” who is supposed to date 
prior to the sixteenth dynasty, and consequently more than two thousand years before 
Christ.* There is, however, a difference of opinion on this point; but we can refer with 
confidence and certainty to the celebrated “ Procession” of the age of Thotmes the Fourth, 
at Thebes, in which Negroes are represented as tribute-bearers to that monarch at a 
period which dates about seventeen hundred years before our era.t 
Sir G, Wilkinson describes a painting in a catacomb at Thebes of the age of Amunoph 
the Third, in which that personage, seated on his throne, receives the homage and tribute 
of various nations. Among these are represented several “black chiefs of Cush, or 
Ethiopia,” whose presents consist of rings of gold, bags of precious stones, “a camelopard, 
panthers, skins, and long-horned cattle, whose heads are strangely ornamented with the 
hands and heads of Negroes.”{ The author justly adds, that the latter effigies were 
probably artificial; for the people of Cush would scarcely have decapitated their own 
people to adorn their offerings to a foreign prince: yet at the same time these melancholy 
symbols were obviously designed to express the most abject self-abasement and vassalage. 
Other Negro delineations which can be identified with the age to which they belong, 
are found on the monuments of Horus, Rameses the Second, Rameses the Third, &c. in 
various places in Egypt and Nubia; and the first of these kings, (who dates with the 
nineteenth dynasty,) is represented standing on a platform which is supported by pros- 
trate Negroes.§ 
For the purpose of illustration, we select a single picture from the temple (hemispeos) 
of Beyt-el-Walee, in Nubia, in which Rameses the Second is represented in the act of 
making war upon the Negroes; who, overcome with defeat, are flying in consternation 
before him. From the multitude of fugitives in this scene, (which has been vividly 
copied by Champollion || and Rosellini, and which I have compared in both,) I annex a 
fac-simile group of nine heads, which, while they preserve the national features in a 
remarkable degree, present also considerable diversity of expression. 
* Rosellini, Appendix, No. 18.—Wilkinson, Ancient Egyptians, Vol. LT. 
} Hoskins, Travels in Ethiopia. Procession, Part First. 
{ Topography of Thebes, p. 136. 
§ Champollion, Monumens de I’Kgypte, Plate CX. 
|| Vide Champollion, Monumens de I’Egypte, Tom. I., Plate LXXI., LXXII.; and Rosellini, Monumenti, M. R., Tav. 
LXXV. A glance at.these illustrations will convince any one that the slave-hunts or ghrazzies, as now practised by 
the Arabs, Tuaricks and Turks, and which are so feelingly described by Cailliaud, and by Denham and Clapperton, 
were in active operation, with all their atrocities, in the most flourishing periods of Pharaonic Egypt. 
VOL. 1X.—42 
