DERIVED FROM ANATOMY, HISTORY, AND THE MONUMENTS. 139 
An additional illustration is that given in the margin. — It is also preserved in the temple 
of Beyt-el-Walee, and is of the same date as the head above described. These people are 
generally represented as enemies or bondsmen; nor have I 
any doubt that the figures in the celebrated Brickmaker’s scene, 
in the tomb of Rekshari, at Thebes, of the age of Thotmes 
IV., are those of a Semitic nation, and, in all probability, He- 
brews. Their features obviously correspond with those of 
the latter people; and their scanty beards, which have been 
made an objection to this view of their nationality, may be re- 
garded as a compulsory badge of captivity. Perhaps the most 
Hebrew portrait on the monuments is that of Aahmes-Nofre-, 
Ari, Queen of Amunoph I., who is said by the hieroglyphists to have been by birth a Me- 
rdite. (Plate XIV., Fig. 13.) Semitic features, as we have already shown, are occasion- 
ally found among the embalmed heads from the catacombs; in proof of which I refer, with 
confidence, to Plate XI., Fig. 2; and also, though less strongly marked, to Plate II., Fig. 
8, Plate VI., Figs. 2 and 8, and to Plate XIL., Figs. 1 and 2. 
My studies have not qualified me for philological comparisons and inferences, but I 
cannot forbear introducing the following views of the learned Dr. Lepsius, on account of 
their direct bearing upon this interesting question. Speaking of the Egyptian and Coptic 
tongues, he says:—“I have now discovered, in the essence of the language itself, not 
only that there is no appearance whatever of any grammatical change, and that it pos- 
sesses, perhaps in a higher degree, that principle of stability so peculiar to the Semitic 
dialects, but also that it has preserved in its formation traces of a higher antiquity than 
any Indo-Germanic or Semitic language wherewith I am acquainted, which traces will 
therefore be most unexpectedly important even for these two families. At the same time 
the Coptic cannot be termed either Semitic or Indo-Germanic. It has its own peculiar 
formation, though, at the same time, its fundamental relationship with these to Familes 
is not to be mistaken.’”’* 
Tue Arass.—The southern or peninsular Arabs are a people of middle stature, with 
a complexion varying from a sallow hue to a very dark colour. They have sharp, bold 
features, a rather prominent face, and a straight or gently aquiline nose. The head 
is, Moreover, comparatively small, and the forehead rather narrow and sensibly receding ; 
to which may often be added a meagre and angular figure,+ long, slender limbs, and 
large knees. Some tribes are also remarkable for the small stature of the men, which, 
according to Burckhardt, does not exceed five feet two or three inches; while, with a 
thick head of hair, they possess a short, thin, and pointed beard. 
Such are some of the Bedouins; but the most formidable Arab tribes have always been 
the Hemyarites of Yemen; a restless and enterprising people, whose migrations have been 
* Letter to the Chev. Bunsen. See Wiseman’s Lectures on Science and Revealed Religion, 2d edit., p. 62; and a 
note at the end of that most learned and instructive work, “on the conformity between the Semitic and the Indo-Euro- 
pean grammatical forms.” 
: t seis leurs formes sout anguleuses,” says Denon; “ leur barbe courte et & méches pointies.” Voyage en Egypte, 
I.; p. 92. 
t Bedouins and Wahabys, p. 28,—Clot Bey, Apergu generale de l’Egypte, I., p. 161. 
