BRANNER: THE STONE REEFS OF BRAZIL, 97 
beach for more than half a mile. . . . In front of the town the reef 
clings to the shore, though there is a channel behind it filled at high 
water. The reef is much shattered, and great blocks lie tumbled about 
in confusion, broken from it by the waves, . . . At the extremity the reef 
is double, the remains of an old reef being visible on the outer side.” 
The stone reef of Porto Seguro! — The Porto Seguro r 
many other of the stone reefs, 
which a river — in this case 
the Buranhaem or Cachoe- 
ira — enters the sea. North 
of this valley the coast hills, 
from forty to fifty metres in 
height, are close to the 
beach, but here and there 
are cut at right angles by 
narrow valleys. These hills _ 
with their fat tops come Fra. 62. Porto Seguro from the sea. 
close to the valley of the Cachoeira, where they are cut 
and left with an almost wall-like face standing 
degrees or more. 
In the accompanying sketch (Fig. 62) the profile of the hills is seen 
where the face of the hill intersects the water horizon. About balf a 
eof, like so 
lies across the mouth of a valley through 
down abruptly 
at an angle of forty-five 
Fic. 63. Valley north of Porto Seguro. 
kilometre north of the upper city a narrow valley cuttin 
hills has the outline shown in Figure 63. 
1 The map of Porto Seguro and its reef herewith is from a survey made in 1876 
by Luther Wagoner, member of the Commissão Geologica do Brazil. It has not 
been published before. 
VOL. XLiv, т 
g across these 
