CITATION. 



The following method of writing citations^ adopted by the Madison Botanical Congress and 

 Section G, A.A.A.S., having been now tested by seven years' use, is earnestly recommended to 

 writers and editors. Contributors to the Botanical Gazette are requested to conform to it. 

 The examples given below are intended to illustrate the application of the principles in a variety 

 of cases. 



In each complete citation there should be given the following items ; 



a. Author's surname in full, followed by a comma. Given names or initials may also be 

 used. 



b. Exact title, verbatim, following the capitalization required by the usage of the language 

 in which the title is written, but not necessarily the capitalization employed. 



c. Name of periodical or work ; if abbreviated, ambiguity should be carefully avoided. 



d. Series, if any, in Roman capitals. 



e. Volume number in bold face Arabic numerals, followed by colon. In case there is no 

 volume number, the number of the part, heft, lieferung, or fascicle is to occupy this place but 

 is to be printed in Arabic numerals of ordinary face. When a volume is composed of parts 

 separately paged the number of the part is to be written as an index figure to the volume num- 

 ber. Volumes in parts with continuous paging require no designation of parts. Separate 

 volumes should not be indicated when paging is continuous. The year sometimes constitutes 

 the only volume number. It is not necessarily the year of publication. 



/. Page, in Arabic numerals of ordinary face. In case paging of the paper is in Roman 

 numerals these should be used, preferably small caps. Re-paging in reprints and separates is 

 to be indicated by enclosing the numerals in parentheses. In case the original paging is 

 unknown an em dash should occupy its place, the reprint paging being given in accordance 

 with the foregoing rule. No individual or unique paging is to be cited under any circumstances. 



g. Figures, plates, and exsiccatae are to be printed in italic Arabic numerals, the number 

 designating the figure or plate to be preceded by the abbreviations yf^. and//., respectively, in 

 italics, 



h. Exact date should be given if possible, written in the mode and with the abbreviations 

 for months used by libraries (Ja, F, Mr, Ap, My, Je, Jl, Ag, S, O, N, D). The year at least 

 should be given. 



/. Punctuation. Except the comma following the author's name, and the colon following 

 the volume number, all the items are to be separated by periods. If another citation follows 

 in the same line it is to be separated from the first by an en dash. 



y. If it is considered desirable to give other data than series number (if any), volume num- 

 ber, page, and date, these should be added in brackets, after the date. But useless or unneces- 

 sary data should be avoided. 



k. Citations of reviews, abstracts, and all such secondary references should be enclosed 

 in parenthesis. 



EXAMPLES. 



Lagerheim, G. voN., Ueber das Vorkommen von europaeischen Uredineen auf der Hochebene 

 von Quito. Bot. Centralbl. 54: 324-331. 1893. 



Trelease, W., a revision of the American species of Epilobium occurring north of Mexico. Rept. 

 Mo. Bot. Gard. 2 : 69-117- //. /-^5. 22AP1891. ... 



TULASNE, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. III. 7: pL 2, fig, 3. 1847. 



m 



SCHUTT, F., Bacillariaceae. Engler and PrantUs Natiirl. Pflanzenfam. I. i^; 117. 1896. 

 Ellis and Everhart, Pyrenomycetes 491. 1892. 

 Saccardo, p. a., Syll. Fung. 7': 481. N 1890. 



Linn. Sp. Plant. 6^ ; 125. 1852. [ed. Willd.] 

 Gray, A., Man. Bot. 225, 1890. [6th ed.] 



Mez, C, Bromeliaceae- HI, Flora Brasiliensis 115: 425-634. //. 81-114. I F 1894. 



Bailey, The Japanese plums in North America. Bull. Cornell Agr. Exp. Sta. 62: 3-36. Ja i894- 



[Illust.] (The figures are not numbered.) 



Peck, C. H. Rep. N.Y, Mus. 47:— (18). N 1S94. 

 Ellis and Everhart, N.A.F. 1642, F 1889. 



