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88 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 
east coast and closely resemble them in composition and texture. This 
formation is apparently the oldest of the Coastal Series of this vicinity 
occurring by later and unconformable deposition in a pre-eroded plain 
back of Montego Bay, which in former times was evidently a bight into 
the present back coast hills, 
It is our opinion that the position of the Manchioneal beds along the 
south coast west of Yallahs Mountain is largely occupied by the older 
part of the Kingston formation next to be described. 
Nowhere have we seen the Manchioneal beds occur at a higher alti- 
tude than 300 feet, if that high. Barrett! mentions them as occur- 
ring at a height of 140 feet at Blue Hole, and 300 fect near Port 
Antonio.? 
From the low position of the Manchioneal formation adjacent to the 
coast and unconformably against the older and more disturbed white 
limestones, it is evident that it was a marginal fringing deposit. Its 
stratigraphic position above the Bowden formation and below the un- 
doubted elevated reef rock to be described later, as well as the paleon- 
tologic evidence of its pteropods and Brachiopoda, indicate the Pliocene 
age of this formation. The contained corals, here poorly developed and 
occurring in increasing proportions in the succeeding beds, mark the 
first definite appearance of the marine reef building species in the 
Jamaican sequence. 
The Kingston Formation. ®— The extensive gravel covered plains of 
the south side of the island of which that known as the Liguanea is a 
type, have been fully described in the chapter “Geography and Physi- 
ography,” Part I. of this Report. 
These plains are composed of formations consisting mostly if not 
entirely of aggradational material derived from the adjacent uplands 
of the mountains and plateau. This material varies in composition, 
being mostly detritus of the Blue Mountain Series to the east of 
1 Jamaican Reports, p. 66. From his submarine explorations of the adjacent 
seas he estimates that similar deposits are now forming at 150 fathoms (900 feet), 
and that the sea bottom has been elevated this amount plus the present altitude of 
the formations (300 feet), or a total of 1,200 feet since they were made. 
2 Tbid., p. 82. 
3 The material of the Kingston and allied formations are well described under 
the general head of “ Alluvium,” in the portions of the Jamaican Reports dealing 
with the parishes of St. Andrew, St. Dorothy, Vere (now a district of Clarendon 
Parish), and St. Catherine. See Jamaican Reports, pages 101, 102, 142, 149, 161, 
and 186. They are also discussed under the head of “Plains” on page 100 of 
the same Report. 
