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BRANNER: THE STONE REEFS OF BRAZIL. 165 
toward the sea, and in time the space between the reefs and the shores 
must be closed, even without any alteration of level of the coast, 
ORT OF TAMANDARE 
Coast of Pernambuco, Brazil, 
Fort Santo Ignacio Lat 043 40"S Long 35°05’ 08" w 
1 а 
2 + t 1 \ 
Scare in Mites: 
Fra, 98, 
It is a well-known fact among engineers that when headlands appear 
above water, they are attacked by the waves, but at the same time they 
cause a seaward advance of the shores behind them. This is well illus- 
