BANDED SLATES WITH OTHER TILLITES. 57 
In the Permo-Carboniferous glacial beds at Winyard near Table Cape, 
Tasmania, there are apparently fine banded sediments above the tillite. David 
described these beds in 1908 and reported four different types of rock in the 
glacial beds. From below upwards these beds are as follows: 
“(1) The glacial till, resembling the boulder clays of late Cainozoic age of the Northern 
Hemisphere. 
“(2) Conglomerates, frequently containing erratics and striated boulders. 
“(3) Sandstones, with occasional — but rare — striated boulders. 
“(4) Thin-bedded, often minutely lamellated, clay shales with intercalated thin flaggy 
sandstones, and occasionally thin bands, 1 in. to 2 in. only, of boulder clay. The flaggy 
sandstones and mudstones are in many cases beautifully ripple-marked.” Davin, 1908, 
p. 275. 
The account of these laminated slates and sandstones with occasional thin 
bands of boulder clay describes the conditions at Squantum. The same kind 
of thin layers of boulder clay are found in the Connecticut River clays and at 
Squantum. It is safe to say that the conditions attending the deposition of 
these sediments in Tasmania must have been very similar to the conditions at 
Squantum. 
When we come to the Dwyka tillite of South Africa the literature is plenti- 
ful but detailed accounts of the stratified deposits associated with the tillite are 
rare. Most of the writers confine their attention strictly to the glacial origin 
of the conglomerate and do not mention the slates and sandstones particularly. 
Two writers, however, Mellor and Molengraaff, describe the beds in the upper 
part of the tillite and in the overlying Ecca series thoroughly. Mellor (1905) 
writes in part as follows: 
“With the upper portions of the Conglomerate are sometimes locally associated beds of 
massive sandstone, and lenticular patches of white and cream-coloured shales and mudstones, 
which appear to have been deposited in ‘pockets’ in the Conglomerate and to consist of the 
finest glacial mud. In a section exposed on the banks of the Bronkhorst Spruit, immediately 
south of the railway-line, a thickness of 6 feet of these fine white shales and mudstones occurs, 
consisting of a succession of extremely-regular lamine varying from a tenth of an inch to an 
inch and a half in thickness. The lamine are readily separated one from the other.* * * 
I have not hitherto found anything: in the nature of fossils among these finely-laminated 
mudstones, although they would be admirably adapted for the preservation of vegetable- 
remains, such as frequently occur in the shales and sandstones which succeed the glacial 
beds.” Mertror, 1905, p. 685. 
Molengraaff (1898) had indeed gone more into detail even than Mellor. 
His description is well worth quoting, as showing close relations between the 
tillite and a part of the overlying Ecca beds. He writes in part as follows: 
