240 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 
The presence of the new Brazilian quarantine station might also occa- 
sionally put a steam launch at the disposal of investigators. 
Ilhetas Point is at the southern end of the Bay of Tamandare. 
Here there are two coral reefs: one small one connected with the shore, 
the other three hundred metres outside, separate from the shore reef, and 
about three kilometres long. Both these reefs are uncovered at low 
tide. The one on shore has the beach gand spread out over the top of 
it. On the south side of Ilhetas Point the inner recf is but slightly 
uncovered (one decimetre) at ordinary low tide. This part extends out 
from the beach, with which it makes a low angle for three hundred 
metres. 
These onshore coral reefs are all dead. But few living corals are 
found in the shallow tide-pools over their surfaces, and these aro the 
hardy Porites and Favias in small heads. The bodies of the reefs are 
solid, and their surfaces are thinly covered with seaweeds and sponges. 
South of Ilhetas Point the coral reef stands further and further out 
from the beach, until it ends, after several small breaks, at the Caixáo de 
Una. 
South of the Caixäo de Una the reef begins again in force and with 
small breaks continues for a distance of twenty-four kilometres to the 
Barra Grande, east of the city of Maragogy. Throughout this entire 
distance the beach sands are very calcareous, often almost entirely of 
triturated shells and corals. 
At Sao José Point the seaward face of the reef is less than ono kilome- 
tre out from the beach. 16 is one hundred metres wide оп the highest 
part and stands about two metres out of water at low tide. The top of 
this reef is exceedingly rough and jagged and is covered with barnacles. 
The surface is all dead save the Porites and Favias found in the tide- 
pools. From the outer face of the reef to the shore the bottom is most of 
the way covered with corals in patches of various sizes, the tops of which 
are uncovered at the low spring tides. In the channels between these ` 
higher portions live some corals. The channels are of all widths, from a 
few decimetres to seventy-five metres or more, 
The corals are burned at São José for lime, and as the large solid 
heads make better lime than the average of the reef it is probable that 
the finer heads have been removed for this purpose. 
On the beach at Säo José the calcareous sands have formed a soft 
rock full of shells and calcareous Algae. 
At the point of land next south of Rio Persinúnga there is a coral reef 
uncovered at low tide within a stone’s throw of the beach, and round the 
