48 BULLETIN OF THE 
from a young stock what has been the order of succession of individuals. 
One has to view the object from both sides, make a careful examination 
of the walls of the zooecia and of the relation of the polypides to one 
another, and, when he has done his best to determine what are the facts, 
he must feel that his conclusions are after all more or less subjective. 
By a careful study of the colony shown in Figure 71, I have constructed 
the diagram shown in Figure 71°. 
The stock of Lepralia is a creeping one, and all of its rows of individ- 
uals are in juxtaposition. This juxtaposition is continued into the adult 
stage. Even the young stock begins to show evidence of a quincunx 
arrangement of individuals. This is less evident in the youngest indi- 
viduals than in the older part of the stock, and is most evident in old 
colonies. That there is not here a true dichotomous division of rows of 
individuals, resulting in the annihilation of the ancestral row and tho 
establishment of two new ones, is evident from a glance at the youngest 
generation in rows 11, 12, or, better, 2, 3, in which the relation of ter- 
minal (11, 3) and lateral (12, 2) individuals is very different. The for- 
mer continue the ancestral line, the latter establish new rows. Lepralia 
differs from Bugula in this: that two lateral branches may be given off 
from the ancestral row in the same generation, as at B, C, and a, a 
(enclosed in circles), Figure 71". 
In contradistinction to the conditions in Bugula, when only one branch 
arises, it is not given off towards the axil, but away from it. 
The synchronism of the budding process noticed in B. turrita is hardly 
distinguishable in the adult stock of this species; in the young, however, 
it is quite marked, and gives to the whole a very symmetrical form. The 
cleavage of eggs does not proceed by more regular steps. Of the three 
individuals a, O, a (in circles), which follow B, each has given rise to 
three others, a median and two lateral. From each of the three individ- 
nals derived from the two individuals a, a (in circles) has arisen a 
lateral branch. Rule 3 is therefore well marked in the young stock of 
Lepralia. 
Rule 4, concerning the greater frequency of lateral budding at the 
margin, is also exemplified in Lepralia. The ratio of cases of lateral 
to median budding being 1:1 on the margin (rows 1-6 and 15-19) 
and 1: 2.8 in the middle (rows 7-14.) 
In Bugula, as will be recalled, it was concluded that the marginal 
what from those of older ones. Yet it is an Escharine closely allied to Lepralia, and 
Ihave seen in some cases the broad-based spine on the proximal border referred to 
by Verrill as being found in L. Pallasiana. 
