THE GRAVEL: NEAK LITTLE YORK. 



155 





at the bottom of the deep channel, and the calculated altitude was 2,652 feet. This series of 

 numbers shows conclusively the possibility, indeed the almost absolute certainty, of there once 

 having been a channel from Thompson Hill, by way of Eastman Hill, Missouri Hill, and Little 

 York to Empire Hill. As to its continuation from the last-named place, it may be noticed that 

 from there across Steep Hollow the banks of Waloupa and of Squirrel Point are plainly in sight, 

 with no obstacle in the way to force us to believe that connection between them and Empire Hill 

 was an impossibility. The hand level and the barometer also agree in giving a suitable grade 

 from Empire Hill (2,652 feet) to Squirrel Hill (2,639 feet) and Waloupa (2,590) feet. Concern- 

 ing these last altitudes, it must be observed that they are liable to some slight alterations, but not 

 enough to change essentially the general deduction to be drawn from them. Put in tabular form, 

 these elevations are : 



Name of Station. 



Thompson Hill 

 Eastman Hill 

 Missouri Hill , 

 Little York . 

 Empire Hill . 

 Squirrel Point 

 Waloupa 



Approximate Distance 

 from last Station. 



J mile 

 'i mile 



h mile 

 \ mile 

 j mile 

 \ mile 



Elevation, 



2,838 



2,8?? 

 2,753 

 2,704 

 2,652 

 2,639 

 2,590 



The average grade would be, therefore, about eighty-three feet per mile between Thompson Hill 

 and Waloupa. 



Corroborative testimony, in regard to the course of the channel and the direction of the current, 

 was also obtained by examination of the surface of the bed-rock, although a large part of it is hid- 

 den from view by the piles of refuse. In spite of this difficulty, a sufficient number of places were 

 found on Thompson Hill, where the course of the stream was indicated, beyond possibility of 

 doubt, as being toward Eastman Hill. Similar evidence was obtained that the direction of the 

 flow, from the last-named locality, was toward Missouri Hill ; although, in this case, the condition 

 of the bed-rock did not furnish quite as satisfactory indications as had been observed higher up on 

 the channel. 



After mapping the course of the old channel from Liberty Hill to Waloupa, and comparing it 

 with the present course of Bear River, it is impossible to resist the conclusion that we are dealing 

 with two different beds of one and the same stream. Even the sharp bend at Missouri Hill ceases 

 to be an object of surprise, for we find that the present stream makes a similar curve near that 

 Point, and now runs, at the present day, in a parallel course about a mile farther south. The Bear 

 Kivor of to-day, instead of joining Steep Hollow, or its representative, at or near Waloupa, merely 

 «wmgs around the next hill to the south, and enters it a little farther down. What caused Bear 

 -iuver to change its course in this way it may bo difficult to determine ; but that it did so seems 

 almost demonstrated. Or it may have been that the present channel is the original one, which 



>ecame choked up, and changed its course, for a time, so as to How across the low divide between 

 Christmas and Manzauita hills, returning afterwards to its original position. This supposition, 



however, seems not a very probable one, because the grade from Missouri Hill to Waloupa is so 

 regular. If there had been an overflow of the kind suggested, we should have been likely to find 

 ft> ore unevenness in the bed of the stream. 



On Ellis Hill the top gravel is quite fine and of a reddish color ; but, as we approach Dutch Elat 



anon, the percentage of large boulders increases, and the bottom of the gravel becomes decidedly 

 u © ; so that, at the outlet at Thompson Hill, the bed-rock is now pretty well hidden from sight 



y the piles of refuse boulders. What the character of the gravel at Eastman Hill was can only 



,e inferred from the piles of boulders left on the bed-rock, or from the statements of those who 



were familiar with the ground when the washing was goim? on. There is no reason for thinking 

 that the Eastma 

 the canon. 



n Hill gravel differed, in any essential particular, from that on the opposite side of 



