are often twenty to twenty-four inches long. They The Buffalo 
are commonly called hump ribs. The rear part of 
the body is covered with shorter hair, which is like 
satin in summer. The tail is short and bare, with a 
bunch of hair at its lower end. Differences in hair 
are quite rare; but it is claimed that at times white 
buffalo, or buffaloes with white spots have been seen. 
The cow differs from the bull in being of smaller size 
and in having shorter hair and weaker horns. The 
whole appearance of the buffalo is ungainly, and at 
first sight terrifying. His step is heavy; nevertheless 
he trots, gallops and runs to match a horse. His 
sense of smell is very keen. He scents man at a mile. 
It seems, too, that the smell of the white man alarms 
him more than that of the Indian. The pairing sea- 
son of the buffalo lasts from the end of July to the 
beginning of September. At this time the bulls and 
cows form one herd. Later on, they separate. The 
cows graze together in separate more compact herds, 
while the bulls are more scattered. In April, the cows 
bring forth their calves, which usually run with them 
for a year. As to numbers, buffalo herds vary greatly. 
One finds herds of fifty to a hundred head, but also 
of a thousand, and of several thousands. Often many 
herds graze side by side and cover the country to such 
an extent that they are estimated not by the number 
of herds, but only by the miles they occupy. It is a 
grand sight when one of these bands suddenly gets 
the wind of some enemy, and, with an old bull in the 
lead, runs off at a lumbering gallop. The first band 
