DERIVED FROM ANATOMY, HISTORY, AND THE MONUMENTS. 143 
Winkelman, Blumenbach, and other authors, have also been struck with these cranial 
resemblances; and certain physical analogies were familiar to the writers of antiquity. 
They are especially recorded by Strabo and Arrian, who compare the southern Hindoos 
to the Ethiopians, and the northern Hindoos to the Egyptians. Various shades of com- 
plexion, as we have remarked, were common to both countries, together with a small 
stature and slender limbs. 
History, mythology and the arts discover various additional analogies between these 
venerable nations. Apis, the Egyptian bull, was the symbol of Osiris; and the white 
bull is the animal on which Siva is represented on the Indian pagodas: worship was be- 
stowed alike on the Ganges and the Nile; both nations paid homage to the sun and the 
serpent; and even at the present time, the objects held in greatest veneration by the Hin- 
doos of the Vishnu sect are the ape, the monkey, the bird called garruda, and the serpent 
capella. Among the symbols of superstition in each are the sphinx, the lotus, the lin- 
gam, and the cross. ‘“'The dog, sacred to Bhairava, a form of Siva, and the jackall of 
Durga, remind us of the barking Anubis, the companion of Osiris. The dogs of Yama, 
one of which was termed Cerbura, or spotted, and was feigned to have three heads, cor- 
responds remarkably, as Mr. Wilford has observed, with the three-headed Cerberus, the 
dog of Pluto.”’* 
This affinity is also recognised in their almost exclusive vegetable diet, and by the sin- 
gular institution of castes. Analogies are, moreover, traced in the architecture of the two 
nations, whether in their monolithic temples and subterranean sanctuaries, or in the sta- 
tuary and minor decorations of their stupendous temples.t 
That there was extensive and long-continued intercourse between the Hindoos and 
Kigyptians is beyond a question; and history speaks, also, of conquest and migration. 
Which was primitively the dominant power? ‘The Egyptians very naturally decided 
this point in their own favour; for they assert that Osiris crossed Arabia to the utmost 
inhabited parts of India, and built many cities there. “He left, likewise,” says Diodorus, 
“many other marks of his being in these parts, which have induced the inhabitants to 
believe and affirm, that this god (Osiris) was born in India.”{ Thus it appears that, in 
the age of Diodorus, the Hindoos not only worshipped, but claimed as original to them- 
selves, the principal divinity of the Egyptians. There is, moreover, a passage in Syncel- 
lus which directly asserts that the Hindoos, who, as we have observed, are sometimes 
called Isthiopians in ancient history, formed colonies in Egypt. “ ASthiopes ab Indo 
fluvio profecti, supra Aigyptum sedem sibi eligerunt.’’ Heeren, from whom I derive this 
quotation, remarks, that as the Hindoos would necessarily arrive by sea, they would esta- 
blish themselves on the coast. We grant it; but a commercial and migratory people 
would soon find their way to the great mart of Meroé, and thence to every part of the 
Egyptian provinces. It has been observed by Mr. Bonomi, that the affiliation of the 
Hindoos with the people of the upper Nile is confirmed by the affinity which exists 
* Prichard, Egyptian Mythology, p. 35. 
t Crania Americana, p. 37. 
{ Bibliotheca, B. L, C. 2. «Khem, of whom Osiris is a form, is the great deity corresponding to the Indian Siva ; 
Phthah, of whom Horus is another form, is the Indian Brahma; and Kneph is the counterpart of Vishnu.” Cory, in 
Harapollo, Pref. p. x, 
